# RD-Optimized Trit-Plane Coding of Deep Compressed Image Latent Tensors

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2203.13467 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2203.13467/

## Key facts

- Cited by 2 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 13 of its 21 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 25 Mar 2022.

## Builds on (most cited first, 13 of 13)

- [Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1412.6980/) (2014)
- [Variational image compression with a scale hyperprior](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1802.01436/) (2018)
- [End-to-end Optimized Image Compression](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1611.01704/) (2016)
- [Joint Autoregressive and Hierarchical Priors for Learned Image Compression](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1809.02736/) (2018)
- [Video Enhancement with Task-Oriented Flow](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1711.09078/) (2017)
- [Learned Image Compression with Discretized Gaussian Mixture Likelihoods and Attention Modules](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2001.01568/) (2020)
- [Snapshot Ensembles: Train 1, get M for free](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1704.00109/) (2017)
- [CompressAI: a PyTorch library and evaluation platform for end-to-end compression research](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2011.03029/) (2020)
- [Full Resolution Image Compression with Recurrent Neural Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1608.05148/) (2016)
- [Variable Rate Image Compression with Recurrent Neural Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1511.06085/) (2015)
- [Improved Lossy Image Compression with Priming and Spatially Adaptive Bit Rates for Recurrent Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1703.10114/) (2017)
- [Towards Conceptual Compression](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1604.08772/) (2016)
- [DPICT: Deep Progressive Image Compression Using Trit-Planes](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2112.06334/) (2021)

## Built on by (most cited first, 2 of 2)

- [Context-Based Trit-Plane Coding for Progressive Image Compression](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2303.05715/) (2023)
- [Progressive Learned Image Compression for Machine Perception](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2512.20070/) (2025)

## Abstract (arXiv)

DPICT is the first learning-based image codec supporting fine granular scalability. In this paper, we describe how to implement two key components of DPICT efficiently: trit-plane slicing and rate-distortion-optimized (RD-optimized) coding. In DPICT, we transform an image into a latent tensor, represent the tensor in ternary digits (trits), and encode the trits in the decreasing order of significance. For entropy encoding, it is necessary to compute the probability of each trit, which demands high time complexity in both the encoder and the decoder. To reduce the complexity, we develop a parallel computing scheme for the probabilities, which is described in detail with pseudo-codes. Moreover, we compare the trit-plane slicing in DPICT with the alternative bit-plane slicing. Experimental results show that the time complexity is reduced significantly by the parallel computing and that the trit-plane slicing provides better RD performances than the bit-plane slicing.