# ADAS: A Direct Adaptation Strategy for Multi-Target Domain Adaptive Semantic Segmentation

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2203.06811 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2203.06811/

## Key facts

- Cited by 10 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 55 of its 63 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 14 Mar 2022.

## Builds on (most cited first, 30 of 55)

- [Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognition](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1512.03385/) (2015)
- [Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1412.6980/) (2014)
- [Very Deep Convolutional Networks for Large-Scale Image Recognition](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1409.1556/) (2014)
- [A Style-Based Generator Architecture for Generative Adversarial Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1812.04948/) (2018)
- [Image-to-Image Translation with Conditional Adversarial Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1611.07004/) (2016)
- [The Cityscapes Dataset for Semantic Urban Scene Understanding](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1604.01685/) (2016)
- [Analyzing and Improving the Image Quality of StyleGAN](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1912.04958/) (2019)
- [DeepLab: Semantic Image Segmentation with Deep Convolutional Nets, Atrous Convolution, and Fully Connected CRFs](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1606.00915/) (2016)
- [Progressive Growing of GANs for Improved Quality, Stability, and Variation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1710.10196/) (2017)
- [Perceptual Losses for Real-Time Style Transfer and Super-Resolution](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1603.08155/) (2016)
- [Large Scale GAN Training for High Fidelity Natural Image Synthesis](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1809.11096/) (2018)
- [Unsupervised Representation Learning with Deep Convolutional Generative Adversarial Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1511.06434/) (2015)
- [Arbitrary Style Transfer in Real-time with Adaptive Instance Normalization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1703.06868/) (2017)
- [Spectral Normalization for Generative Adversarial Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1802.05957/) (2018)
- [Group Normalization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1803.08494/) (2018)
- [Semantic Image Synthesis with Spatially-Adaptive Normalization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1903.07291/) (2019)
- [Instance Normalization: The Missing Ingredient for Fast Stylization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1607.08022/) (2016)
- [CyCADA: Cycle-Consistent Adversarial Domain Adaptation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1711.03213/) (2017)
- [Least Squares Generative Adversarial Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1611.04076/) (2016)
- [Playing for Data: Ground Truth from Computer Games](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1608.02192/) (2016)
- [Multimodal Unsupervised Image-to-Image Translation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1804.04732/) (2018)
- [Wasserstein GAN](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1701.07875/) (2017)
- [ADVENT: Adversarial Entropy Minimization for Domain Adaptation in Semantic Segmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1811.12833/) (2018)
- [Unsupervised Image-to-Image Translation Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1703.00848/) (2017)
- [Learning to Adapt Structured Output Space for Semantic Segmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1802.10349/) (2018)
- [A Learned Representation For Artistic Style](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1610.07629/) (2016)
- [Unsupervised Pixel-Level Domain Adaptation with Generative Adversarial Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1612.05424/) (2016)
- [Bidirectional Learning for Domain Adaptation of Semantic Segmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1904.10620/) (2019)
- [Diverse Image-to-Image Translation via Disentangled Representations](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1808.00948/) (2018)
- [Taking A Closer Look at Domain Shift: Category-level Adversaries for Semantics Consistent Domain Adaptation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1809.09478/) (2018)

## Built on by (most cited first, 10 of 10)

- [Deliberated Domain Bridging for Domain Adaptive Semantic Segmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2209.07695/) (2022)
- [Diffusion-based Image Translation with Label Guidance for Domain Adaptive Semantic Segmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2308.12350/) (2023)
- [Training-Free Model Merging for Multi-target Domain Adaptation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2407.13771/) (2024)
- [Transferring to Real-World Layouts: A Depth-aware Framework for Scene Adaptation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2311.12682/) (2023)
- [VBLC: Visibility Boosting and Logit-Constraint Learning for Domain Adaptive Semantic Segmentation under Adverse Conditions](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2211.12256/) (2022)
- [Semantic Segmentation in Multiple Adverse Weather Conditions with Domain Knowledge Retention](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2401.07459/) (2024)
- [Cooperative Self-Training for Multi-Target Adaptive Semantic Segmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2210.01578/) (2022)
- [Explainable Semantic Medical Image Segmentation with Style](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2303.05696/) (2023)
- [OurDB: Ouroboric Domain Bridging for Multi-Target Domain Adaptive Semantic Segmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2403.11582/) (2024)
- [Multi-Target Unsupervised Domain Adaptation for Semantic Segmentation without External Data](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2405.06502/) (2024)

## Abstract (arXiv)

In this paper, we present a direct adaptation strategy (ADAS), which aims to directly adapt a single model to multiple target domains in a semantic segmentation task without pretrained domain-specific models. To do so, we design a multi-target domain transfer network (MTDT-Net) that aligns visual attributes across domains by transferring the domain distinctive features through a new target adaptive denormalization (TAD) module. Moreover, we propose a bi-directional adaptive region selection (BARS) that reduces the attribute ambiguity among the class labels by adaptively selecting the regions with consistent feature statistics. We show that our single MTDT-Net can synthesize visually pleasing domain transferred images with complex driving datasets, and BARS effectively filters out the unnecessary region of training images for each target domain. With the collaboration of MTDT-Net and BARS, our ADAS achieves state-of-the-art performance for multi-target domain adaptation (MTDA). To the best of our knowledge, our method is the first MTDA method that directly adapts to multiple domains in semantic segmentation.