# PKGM: A Pre-trained Knowledge Graph Model for E-commerce Application

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2203.00964 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2203.00964/

## Key facts

- No citing papers in the map yet (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 30 of its 43 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 2 Mar 2022.

## Builds on (most cited first, 30 of 30)

- [Attention Is All You Need](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1706.03762/) (2017)
- [Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognition](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1512.03385/) (2015)
- [BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understanding](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1810.04805/) (2018)
- [Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1412.6980/) (2014)
- [Language Models are Few-Shot Learners](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2005.14165/) (2020)
- [MobileNetV2: Inverted Residuals and Linear Bottlenecks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1801.04381/) (2018)
- [XLNet: Generalized Autoregressive Pretraining for Language Understanding](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1906.08237/) (2019)
- [Deep contextualized word representations](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1802.05365/) (2018)
- [Neural Collaborative Filtering](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1708.05031/) (2017)
- [Embedding Entities and Relations for Learning and Inference in Knowledge Bases](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1412.6575/) (2014)
- [Complex Embeddings for Simple Link Prediction](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1606.06357/) (2016)
- [Convolutional 2D Knowledge Graph Embeddings](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1707.01476/) (2017)
- [A Survey on Knowledge Graphs: Representation, Acquisition and Applications](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2002.00388/) (2020)
- [ERNIE: Enhanced Language Representation with Informative Entities](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1905.07129/) (2019)
- [Residual Attention Network for Image Classification](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1704.06904/) (2017)
- [KEPLER: A Unified Model for Knowledge Embedding and Pre-trained Language Representation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1911.06136/) (2019)
- [K-Adapter: Infusing Knowledge into Pre-Trained Models with Adapters](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2002.01808/) (2020)
- [K-BERT: Enabling Language Representation with Knowledge Graph](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1909.07606/) (2019)
- [Knowledge Enhanced Contextual Word Representations](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1909.04164/) (2019)
- [Low-Dimensional Hyperbolic Knowledge Graph Embeddings](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2005.00545/) (2020)
- [AliGraph: A Comprehensive Graph Neural Network Platform](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1902.08730/) (2019)
- [Multi-relational Poincar'e Graph Embeddings](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1905.09791/) (2019)
- [JAKET: Joint Pre-training of Knowledge Graph and Language Understanding](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2010.00796/) (2020)
- [SKEP: Sentiment Knowledge Enhanced Pre-training for Sentiment Analysis](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2005.05635/) (2020)
- [Baseline Needs More Love: On Simple Word-Embedding-Based Models and Associated Pooling Mechanisms](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1805.09843/) (2018)
- [Knowledge-Aware Language Model Pretraining](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2007.00655/) (2020)
- [Fine-tuning Pre-Trained Transformer Language Models to Distantly Supervised Relation Extraction](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1906.08646/) (2019)
- [Progressively Pretrained Dense Corpus Index for Open-Domain Question Answering](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2005.00038/) (2020)
- [CokeBERT: Contextual Knowledge Selection and Embedding towards Enhanced Pre-Trained Language Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2009.13964/) (2020)
- [Character-based Neural Networks for Sentence Pair Modeling](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1805.08297/) (2018)

## Abstract (arXiv)

In recent years, knowledge graphs have been widely applied as a uniform way to organize data and have enhanced many tasks requiring knowledge. In online shopping platform Taobao, we built a billion-scale e-commerce product knowledge graph. It organizes data uniformly and provides item knowledge services for various tasks such as item recommendation. Usually, such knowledge services are provided through triple data, while this implementation includes (1) tedious data selection works on product knowledge graph and (2) task model designing works to infuse those triples knowledge. More importantly, product knowledge graph is far from complete, resulting error propagation to knowledge enhanced tasks. To avoid these problems, we propose a Pre-trained Knowledge Graph Model (PKGM) for the billion-scale product knowledge graph. On the one hand, it could provide item knowledge services in a uniform way with service vectors for embedding-based and item-knowledge-related task models without accessing triple data. On the other hand, it's service is provided based on implicitly completed product knowledge graph, overcoming the common the incomplete issue. We also propose two general ways to integrate the service vectors from PKGM into downstream task models. We test PKGM in five knowledge-related tasks, item classification, item resolution, item recommendation, scene detection and sequential recommendation. Experimental results show that PKGM introduces significant performance gains on these tasks, illustrating the useful of service vectors from PKGM.