# Learning Cluster Patterns for Abstractive Summarization

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2202.10967 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2202.10967/

## Key facts

- No citing papers in the map yet (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 28 of its 42 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 22 Feb 2022.

## Builds on (most cited first, 28 of 28)

- [BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understanding](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1810.04805/) (2018)
- [BART: Denoising Sequence-to-Sequence Pre-training for Natural Language Generation, Translation, and Comprehension](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1910.13461/) (2019)
- [BERTScore: Evaluating Text Generation with BERT](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1904.09675/) (2019)
- [Don't Give Me the Details, Just the Summary! Topic-Aware Convolutional Neural Networks for Extreme Summarization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1808.08745/) (2018)
- [Get To The Point: Summarization with Pointer-Generator Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1704.04368/) (2017)
- [On Faithfulness and Factuality in Abstractive Summarization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2005.00661/) (2020)
- [Abstractive Text Summarization Using Sequence-to-Sequence RNNs and Beyond](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1602.06023/) (2016)
- [Unified Language Model Pre-training for Natural Language Understanding and Generation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1905.03197/) (2019)
- [Evaluating the Factual Consistency of Abstractive Text Summarization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1910.12840/) (2019)
- [Text Summarization with Pretrained Encoders](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1908.08345/) (2019)
- [A Neural Attention Model for Abstractive Sentence Summarization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1509.00685/) (2015)
- [A Deep Reinforced Model for Abstractive Summarization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1705.04304/) (2017)
- [FEQA: A Question Answering Evaluation Framework for Faithfulness Assessment in Abstractive Summarization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2005.03754/) (2020)
- [Bottom-Up Abstractive Summarization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1808.10792/) (2018)
- [Fast Abstractive Summarization with Reinforce-Selected Sentence Rewriting](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1805.11080/) (2018)
- [Factual Error Correction for Abstractive Summarization Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2010.08712/) (2020)
- [Time for a change: a tutorial for comparing multiple classifiers through Bayesian analysis](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1606.04316/) (2016)
- [Extractive Opinion Summarization in Quantized Transformer Spaces](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2012.04443/) (2020)
- [Leveraging Graph to Improve Abstractive Multi-Document Summarization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2005.10043/) (2020)
- [Knowledge Graph-Augmented Abstractive Summarization with Semantic-Driven Cloze Reward](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2005.01159/) (2020)
- [Multi-Fact Correction in Abstractive Text Summarization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2010.02443/) (2020)
- [Deep Communicating Agents for Abstractive Summarization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1803.10357/) (2018)
- [Vision Guided Generative Pre-trained Language Models for Multimodal Abstractive Summarization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2109.02401/) (2021)
- [Convex Aggregation for Opinion Summarization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2104.01371/) (2021)
- [Topic-Guided Abstractive Multi-Document Summarization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2110.11207/) (2021)
- [Understanding Points of Correspondence between Sentences for Abstractive Summarization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2006.05621/) (2020)
- [Attention Head Masking for Inference Time Content Selection in Abstractive Summarization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2104.02205/) (2021)
- [Abstractive Document Summarization without Parallel Data](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1907.12951/) (2019)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Nowadays, pre-trained sequence-to-sequence models such as BERTSUM and BART have shown state-of-the-art results in abstractive summarization. In these models, during fine-tuning, the encoder transforms sentences to context vectors in the latent space and the decoder learns the summary generation task based on the context vectors. In our approach, we consider two clusters of salient and non-salient context vectors, using which the decoder can attend more to salient context vectors for summary generation. For this, we propose a novel clustering transformer layer between the encoder and the decoder, which first generates two clusters of salient and non-salient vectors, and then normalizes and shrinks the clusters to make them apart in the latent space. Our experimental result shows that the proposed model outperforms the existing BART model by learning these distinct cluster patterns, improving up to 4% in ROUGE and 0.3% in BERTScore on average in CNN/DailyMail and XSUM data sets.