# Proof-of-Useful-Work Blockchain for Trustworthy Biomedical Hyperdimensional Computing

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2202.02964 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2202.02964/

## Key facts

- Cited by 2 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- First posted on arXiv 7 Feb 2022.

## Built on by (most cited first, 2 of 2)

- [NeuroHD-RA: Neural-distilled Hyperdimensional Model with Rhythm Alignment](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2507.14184/) (2025)
- [HadAgent: Harness-Aware Decentralized Agentic AI Serving with Proof-of-Inference Blockchain Consensus](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2604.18614/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Hyperdimensional Computing (HDC) is a promising bio-inspired learning paradigm for its advantage of balancing performance and efficiency and has been increasingly applied to the bio-medical domain. In bio-medical applications, trustworthiness such as replicability and verifiability of the trained learning models is crucial. In this work, we introduce HDCoin, the first proof-of-useful-work blockchain framework for HDC. With HDCoin, we transform the conventional energy-wasteful mining process into a competitive process for developing high accuracy, trustworthy and verifiable hyperdimensional models. We explore four diverse biomedical datasets, and conduct an extensive design-space exploration of key HDC hyperparameters of blockchain miners such as dimensionality, learning rate, and retraining iterations for model performance, adaptive mining difficulty and fairness on proof-of-useful-work.