# Anomaly Detection via Reverse Distillation from One-Class Embedding

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2201.10703 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2201.10703/

## Key facts

- Cited by 421 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Placed in Detection and dense prediction distillation, one of 12 directions in Knowledge distillation.
- Builds on 31 of its 52 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 26 Jan 2022.

## Placed in

- Knowledge distillation / [Detection and dense prediction distillation](https://mlsanity.com/distill/detection-and-dense-prediction-distillation/)

## Builds on (most cited first, 30 of 31)

- [Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognition](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1512.03385/) (2015)
- [Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1412.6980/) (2014)
- [Distilling the Knowledge in a Neural Network](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1503.02531/) (2015)
- [Model-Agnostic Meta-Learning for Fast Adaptation of Deep Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1703.03400/) (2017)
- [Fashion-MNIST: a Novel Image Dataset for Benchmarking Machine Learning Algorithms](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1708.07747/) (2017)
- [Wide Residual Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1605.07146/) (2016)
- [PaDiM: a Patch Distribution Modeling Framework for Anomaly Detection and Localization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2011.08785/) (2020)
- [Memorizing Normality to Detect Anomaly: Memory-augmented Deep Autoencoder for Unsupervised Anomaly Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1904.02639/) (2019)
- [CutPaste: Self-Supervised Learning for Anomaly Detection and Localization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2104.04015/) (2021)
- [Similarity-Preserving Knowledge Distillation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1907.09682/) (2019)
- [GANomaly: Semi-Supervised Anomaly Detection via Adversarial Training](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1805.06725/) (2018)
- [Future Frame Prediction for Anomaly Detection -- A New Baseline](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1712.09867/) (2017)
- [Uninformed Students: Student-Teacher Anomaly Detection with Discriminative Latent Embeddings](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1911.02357/) (2019)
- [Sub-Image Anomaly Detection with Deep Pyramid Correspondences](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2005.02357/) (2020)
- [Distilling Knowledge via Knowledge Review](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2104.09044/) (2021)
- [Multiresolution Knowledge Distillation for Anomaly Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2011.11108/) (2020)
- [Learning Memory-guided Normality for Anomaly Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2003.13228/) (2020)
- [Deep Anomaly Detection Using Geometric Transformations](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1805.10917/) (2018)
- [Improving Unsupervised Defect Segmentation by Applying Structural Similarity to Autoencoders](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1807.02011/) (2018)
- [Patch SVDD: Patch-level SVDD for Anomaly Detection and Segmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2006.16067/) (2020)
- [OCGAN: One-class Novelty Detection Using GANs with Constrained Latent Representations](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1903.08550/) (2019)
- [PANDA: Adapting Pretrained Features for Anomaly Detection and Segmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2010.05903/) (2020)
- [A Unified Survey on Anomaly, Novelty, Open-Set, and Out-of-Distribution Detection: Solutions and Future Challenges](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2110.14051/) (2021)
- [Latent Space Autoregression for Novelty Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1807.01653/) (2018)
- [Student-Teacher Feature Pyramid Matching for Anomaly Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2103.04257/) (2021)
- [Old is Gold: Redefining the Adversarially Learned One-Class Classifier Training Paradigm](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2004.07657/) (2020)
- [Modeling the Distribution of Normal Data in Pre-Trained Deep Features for Anomaly Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2005.14140/) (2020)
- [Divide-and-Assemble: Learning Block-wise Memory for Unsupervised Anomaly Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2107.13118/) (2021)
- [Encoding Structure-Texture Relation with P-Net for Anomaly Detection in Retinal Images](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2008.03632/) (2020)
- [G2D: Generate to Detect Anomaly](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2006.11629/) (2020)

## Built on by (most cited first, 30 of 421)

- [SPot-the-Difference Self-Supervised Pre-training for Anomaly Detection and Segmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2207.14315/) (2022)
- [AnomalyCLIP: Object-agnostic Prompt Learning for Zero-shot Anomaly Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2310.18961/) (2023)
- [A Unified Model for Multi-class Anomaly Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2206.03687/) (2022)
- [SimpleNet: A Simple Network for Image Anomaly Detection and Localization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2303.15140/) (2023)
- [DeSTSeg: Segmentation Guided Denoising Student-Teacher for Anomaly Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2211.11317/) (2022)
- [Deep Industrial Image Anomaly Detection: A Survey](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2301.11514/) (2023)
- [Multimodal Industrial Anomaly Detection via Hybrid Fusion](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2303.00601/) (2023)
- [Real-IAD: A Real-World Multi-View Dataset for Benchmarking Versatile Industrial Anomaly Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2403.12580/) (2024)
- [AdaCLIP: Adapting CLIP with Hybrid Learnable Prompts for Zero-Shot Anomaly Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2407.15795/) (2024)
- [RealNet: A Feature Selection Network with Realistic Synthetic Anomaly for Anomaly Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2403.05897/) (2024)
- [MambaAD: Exploring State Space Models for Multi-class Unsupervised Anomaly Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2404.06564/) (2024)
- [AnomalyDiffusion: Few-Shot Anomaly Image Generation with Diffusion Model](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2312.05767/) (2023)
- [Dinomaly: The Less Is More Philosophy in Multi-Class Unsupervised Anomaly Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2405.14325/) (2024)
- [Toward Generalist Anomaly Detection via In-context Residual Learning with Few-shot Sample Prompts](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2403.06495/) (2024)
- [Real3D-AD: A Dataset of Point Cloud Anomaly Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2309.13226/) (2023)
- [BMAD: Benchmarks for Medical Anomaly Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2306.11876/) (2023)
- [Pushing the Limits of Fewshot Anomaly Detection in Industry Vision: Graphcore](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2301.12082/) (2023)
- [Complementary Pseudo Multimodal Feature for Point Cloud Anomaly Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2303.13194/) (2023)
- [A Unified Anomaly Synthesis Strategy with Gradient Ascent for Industrial Anomaly Detection and Localization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2407.09359/) (2024)
- [AA-CLIP: Enhancing Zero-shot Anomaly Detection via Anomaly-Aware CLIP](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2503.06661/) (2025)
- [PNI : Industrial Anomaly Detection using Position and Neighborhood Information](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2211.12634/) (2022)
- [A Survey on Visual Anomaly Detection: Challenge, Approach, and Prospect](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2401.16402/) (2024)
- [Adapting Visual-Language Models for Generalizable Anomaly Detection in Medical Images](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2403.12570/) (2024)
- [Hierarchical Vector Quantized Transformer for Multi-class Unsupervised Anomaly Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2310.14228/) (2023)
- [IM-IAD: Industrial Image Anomaly Detection Benchmark in Manufacturing](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2301.13359/) (2023)
- [ReContrast: Domain-Specific Anomaly Detection via Contrastive Reconstruction](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2306.02602/) (2023)
- [Segment Any Anomaly without Training via Hybrid Prompt Regularization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2305.10724/) (2023)
- [Collaborative Discrepancy Optimization for Reliable Image Anomaly Localization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2302.08769/) (2023)
- [Prototypical Residual Networks for Anomaly Detection and Localization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2212.02031/) (2022)
- [Anomaly Detection with Conditioned Denoising Diffusion Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2305.15956/) (2023)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Knowledge distillation (KD) achieves promising results on the challenging problem of unsupervised anomaly detection (AD).The representation discrepancy of anomalies in the teacher-student (T-S) model provides essential evidence for AD. However, using similar or identical architectures to build the teacher and student models in previous studies hinders the diversity of anomalous representations. To tackle this problem, we propose a novel T-S model consisting of a teacher encoder and a student decoder and introduce a simple yet effective "reverse distillation" paradigm accordingly. Instead of receiving raw images directly, the student network takes teacher model's one-class embedding as input and targets to restore the teacher's multiscale representations. Inherently, knowledge distillation in this study starts from abstract, high-level presentations to low-level features. In addition, we introduce a trainable one-class bottleneck embedding (OCBE) module in our T-S model. The obtained compact embedding effectively preserves essential information on normal patterns, but abandons anomaly perturbations. Extensive experimentation on AD and one-class novelty detection benchmarks shows that our method surpasses SOTA performance, demonstrating our proposed approach's effectiveness and generalizability.