# Writer Recognition Using Off-line Handwritten Single Block Characters

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2201.10665 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2201.10665/

## Key facts

- Cited by 1 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 11 of its 24 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 25 Jan 2022.

## Builds on (most cited first, 11 of 11)

- [Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognition](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1512.03385/) (2015)
- [MobileNetV2: Inverted Residuals and Linear Bottlenecks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1801.04381/) (2018)
- [Optuna: A Next-generation Hyperparameter Optimization Framework](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1907.10902/) (2019)
- [SqueezeNet: AlexNet-level accuracy with 50x fewer parameters and <0.5MB model size](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1602.07360/) (2016)
- [VGGFace2: A dataset for recognising faces across pose and age](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1710.08092/) (2017)
- [SigNet: Convolutional Siamese Network for Writer Independent Offline Signature Verification](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1707.02131/) (2017)
- [Learning Features for Offline Handwritten Signature Verification using Deep Convolutional Neural Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1705.05787/) (2017)
- [BioTouchPass2: Touchscreen Password Biometrics Using Time-Aligned Recurrent Neural Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2001.10223/) (2020)
- [Offline Handwritten Signature Verification - Literature Review](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1507.07909/) (2015)
- [Periocular Recognition Using CNN Features Off-the-Shelf](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1809.06157/) (2018)
- [Semi-supervised Feature Learning For Improving Writer Identification](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1807.05490/) (2018)

## Built on by (most cited first, 1 of 1)

- [Contrastive Masked Autoencoders for Character-Level Open-Set Writer Identification](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2501.11895/) (2025)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Block characters are often used when filling paper forms for a variety of purposes. We investigate if there is biometric information contained within individual digits of handwritten text. In particular, we use personal identity numbers consisting of the six digits of the date of birth, DoB. We evaluate two recognition approaches, one based on handcrafted features that compute contour directional measurements, and another based on deep features from a ResNet50 model. We use a self-captured database of 317 individuals and 4920 written DoBs in total. Results show the presence of identity-related information in a piece of handwritten information as small as six digits with the DoB. We also analyze the impact of the amount of enrolment samples, varying its number between one and ten. Results with such small amount of data are promising. With ten enrolment samples, the Top-1 accuracy with deep features is around 94%, and reaches nearly 100% by Top-10. The verification accuracy is more modest, with EER>20%with any given feature and enrolment set size, showing that there is still room for improvement.