# VaccinEU: COVID-19 vaccine conversations on Twitter in French, German and Italian

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2201.06293 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2201.06293/

## Key facts

- Cited by 8 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- First posted on arXiv 17 Jan 2022.

## Built on by (most cited first, 8 of 8)

- [VaxxHesitancy: A Dataset for Studying Hesitancy towards COVID-19 Vaccination on Twitter](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2301.06660/) (2023)
- [VaxGuard: A Multi-Generator, Multi-Type, and Multi-Role Dataset for Detecting LLM-Generated Vaccine Misinformation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2503.09103/) (2025)
- [CoVaxNet: An Online-Offline Data Repository for COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy Research](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2207.01505/) (2022)
- [Examining Temporalities on Stance Detection towards COVID-19 Vaccination](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2304.04806/) (2023)
- [Zero-shot Cross-lingual Stance Detection via Adversarial Language Adaptation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2404.14339/) (2024)
- [The Shifting Landscape of Vaccine Discourse: Insights From a Decade of Pre- to Post-COVID-19 Vaccine Posts on Social Media](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2511.16832/) (2025)
- [WhatsApp Vaccine Discourse (WhaVax): An Expert-Annotated Dataset and Benchmark for Health Misinformation Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2605.12510/) (2026)
- [Predicting, Evaluating, and Explaining Top Misinformation Spreaders via Archetypal User Behavior](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2608.16323/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Despite the increasing limitations for unvaccinated people, in many European countries there is still a non-negligible fraction of individuals who refuse to get vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2, undermining governmental efforts to eradicate the virus. We study the role of online social media in influencing individuals' opinion towards getting vaccinated by designing a large-scale collection of Twitter messages in three different languages -- French, German and Italian -- and providing public access to the data collected. Focusing on the European context, our VaccinEU dataset aims to help researchers to better understand the impact of online (mis)information about vaccines and design more accurate communication strategies to maximize vaccination coverage.