# Using Cardinality Matching to Design Balanced and Representative Samples for Observational Studies

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2201.04276 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2201.04276/

## Key facts

- Cited by 1 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- First posted on arXiv 12 Jan 2022.

## Built on by (most cited first, 1 of 1)

- [Auditing Observation-Quality Shortcuts in the Evaluation of Person-Centered Motion for Video Anomaly Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2610.16471/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Cardinality matching is a computational method for finding the largest possible number of matched pairs of exposed and unexposed individuals from an observational dataset, with specified patterns of baseline characteristics that represent a target population for analysis. This article explains the process of cardinality matching and how it simultaneously addresses the concerns of balance, sample size, and representativeness of matched samples in observational studies.