# Reproducing BowNet: Learning Representations by Predicting Bags of Visual Words

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2201.03556 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2201.03556/

## Key facts

- No citing papers in the map yet (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 2 of its 4 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 10 Jan 2022.

## Builds on (most cited first, 2 of 2)

- [Unsupervised Representation Learning by Predicting Image Rotations](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1803.07728/) (2018)
- [Learning Representations by Predicting Bags of Visual Words](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2002.12247/) (2020)

## Abstract (arXiv)

This work aims to reproduce results from the CVPR 2020 paper by Gidaris et al. Self-supervised learning (SSL) is used to learn feature representations of an image using an unlabeled dataset. This work proposes to use bag-of-words (BoW) deep feature descriptors as a self-supervised learning target to learn robust, deep representations. BowNet is trained to reconstruct the histogram of visual words (ie. the deep BoW descriptor) of a reference image when presented a perturbed version of the image as input. Thus, this method aims to learn perturbation-invariant and context-aware image features that can be useful for few-shot tasks or supervised downstream tasks. In the paper, the author describes BowNet as a network consisting of a convolutional feature extractor Phi(·) and a Dense-softmax layer Omega(·) trained to predict BoW features from images. After BoW training, the features of Phi are used in downstream tasks. For this challenge we were trying to build and train a network that could reproduce the CIFAR-100 accuracy improvements reported in the original paper. However, we were unsuccessful in reproducing an accuracy improvement comparable to what the authors mentioned. This could be for a variety of factors and we believe that time constraints were the primary bottleneck.