# Using Deep Learning with Large Aggregated Datasets for COVID-19 Classification from Cough

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2201.01669 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2201.01669/

## Key facts

- Cited by 3 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 12 of its 45 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 5 Jan 2022.

## Builds on (most cited first, 12 of 12)

- [TERA: Self-Supervised Learning of Transformer Encoder Representation for Speech](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2007.06028/) (2020)
- [Exploring Automatic Diagnosis of COVID-19 from Crowdsourced Respiratory Sound Data](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2006.05919/) (2020)
- [The COUGHVID crowdsourcing dataset: A corpus for the study of large-scale cough analysis algorithms](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2009.11644/) (2020)
- [Coswara -- A Database of Breathing, Cough, and Voice Sounds for COVID-19 Diagnosis](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2005.10548/) (2020)
- [COVID-19 Cough Classification using Machine Learning and Global Smartphone Recordings](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2012.01926/) (2020)
- [Cough Against COVID: Evidence of COVID-19 Signature in Cough Sounds](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2009.08790/) (2020)
- [Exploring Automatic COVID-19 Diagnosis via voice and symptoms from Crowdsourced Data](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2102.05225/) (2021)
- [DiCOVA Challenge: Dataset, task, and baseline system for COVID-19 diagnosis using acoustics](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2103.09148/) (2021)
- [Exploring Self-Supervised Representation Ensembles for COVID-19 Cough Classification](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2105.07566/) (2021)
- [A Generic Deep Learning Based Cough Analysis System from Clinically Validated Samples for Point-of-Need Covid-19 Test and Severity Levels](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2111.05895/) (2021)
- [IATos: AI-powered pre-screening tool for COVID-19 from cough audio samples](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2104.13247/) (2021)
- [A literature review on COVID-19 disease diagnosis from respiratory sound data](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2112.07670/) (2021)

## Built on by (most cited first, 3 of 3)

- [Robust COVID-19 Detection from Cough Sounds using Deep Neural Decision Tree and Forest: A Comprehensive Cross-Datasets Evaluation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2501.01117/) (2025)
- [COVID-19 Detection System: A Comparative Analysis of System Performance Based on Acoustic Features of Cough Audio Signals](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2309.04505/) (2023)
- [Sound Signal Synthesis with Auxiliary Classifier GAN, COVID-19 cough as an example](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2508.08892/) (2025)

## Abstract (arXiv)

The Covid-19 pandemic has been one of the most devastating events in recent history, claiming the lives of more than 5 million people worldwide. Even with the worldwide distribution of vaccines, there is an apparent need for affordable, reliable, and accessible screening techniques to serve parts of the World that do not have access to Western medicine. Artificial Intelligence can provide a solution utilizing cough sounds as a primary screening mode for COVID-19 diagnosis. This paper presents multiple models that have achieved relatively respectable performance on the largest evaluation dataset currently presented in academic literature. Through investigation of a self-supervised learning model (Area under the ROC curve, AUC = 0.807) and a convolutional nerual network (CNN) model (AUC = 0.802), we observe the possibility of model bias with limited datasets. Moreover, we observe that performance increases with training data size, showing the need for the worldwide collection of data to help combat the Covid-19 pandemic with non-traditional means.