# CaFT: Clustering and Filter on Tokens of Transformer for Weakly Supervised Object Localization

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2201.00475 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2201.00475/

## Key facts

- Cited by 4 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 14 of its 23 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 3 Jan 2022.

## Builds on (most cited first, 14 of 14)

- [Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognition](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1512.03385/) (2015)
- [Very Deep Convolutional Networks for Large-Scale Image Recognition](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1409.1556/) (2014)
- [ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1409.0575/) (2014)
- [Training data-efficient image transformers & distillation through attention](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2012.12877/) (2020)
- [CutMix: Regularization Strategy to Train Strong Classifiers with Localizable Features](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1905.04899/) (2019)
- [Learning Deep Features for Discriminative Localization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1512.04150/) (2015)
- [Hide-and-Seek: Forcing a Network to be Meticulous for Weakly-supervised Object and Action Localization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1704.04232/) (2017)
- [Adversarial Complementary Learning for Weakly Supervised Object Localization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1804.06962/) (2018)
- [Attention-based Dropout Layer for Weakly Supervised Object Localization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1908.10028/) (2019)
- [TS-CAM: Token Semantic Coupled Attention Map for Weakly Supervised Object Localization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2103.14862/) (2021)
- [Self-produced Guidance for Weakly-supervised Object Localization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1807.08902/) (2018)
- [Inter-Image Communication for Weakly Supervised Localization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2008.05096/) (2020)
- [Rethinking the Route Towards Weakly Supervised Object Localization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2002.11359/) (2020)
- [Shallow Feature Matters for Weakly Supervised Object Localization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2108.00873/) (2021)

## Built on by (most cited first, 4 of 4)

- [Discriminative Sampling of Proposals in Self-Supervised Transformers for Weakly Supervised Object Localization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2209.09209/) (2022)
- [Source-Free Domain Adaptation of Weakly-Supervised Object Localization Models for Histology](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2404.19113/) (2024)
- [DiPS: Discriminative Pseudo-Label Sampling with Self-Supervised Transformers for Weakly Supervised Object Localization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2310.06196/) (2023)
- [Leveraging Transformers for Weakly Supervised Object Localization in Unconstrained Videos](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2407.06018/) (2024)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Weakly supervised object localization (WSOL) is a challenging task to localize the object by only category labels. However, there is contradiction between classification and localization because accurate classification network tends to pay attention to discriminative region of objects rather than the entirety. We propose this discrimination is caused by handcraft threshold choosing in CAM-based methods. Therefore, we propose Clustering and Filter of Tokens (CaFT) with Vision Transformer (ViT) backbone to solve this problem in another way. CaFT first sends the patch tokens of the image split to ViT and cluster the output tokens to generate initial mask of the object. Secondly, CaFT considers the initial mask as pseudo labels to train a shallow convolution head (Attention Filter, AtF) following backbone to directly extract the mask from tokens. Then, CaFT splits the image into parts, outputs masks respectively and merges them into one refined mask. Finally, a new AtF is trained on the refined masks and used to predict the box of object. Experiments verify that CaFT outperforms previous work and achieves 97.55% and 69.86% localization accuracy with ground-truth class on CUB-200 and ImageNet-1K respectively. CaFT provides a fresh way to think about the WSOL task.