# Cooperation in Space: HAPS-Aided Optical Inter-Satellite Connectivity with Opportunistic Scheduling

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2112.14212 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2112.14212/

## Key facts

- Cited by 1 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- First posted on arXiv 28 Dec 2021.

## Built on by (most cited first, 1 of 1)

- [Bridging Earth and Space: A Survey on HAPS for Non-Terrestrial Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2510.19731/) (2025)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Issues with tracking, precision pointing, and Doppler shift are the major sources of performance loss in laser inter-satellite communication that can severely decrease the coverage and overall performance of satellite constellations. As a solution to these problems, we propose a cooperation strategy in which a high altitude platform station (HAPS) staying at a quasi-stationary position contributes to the inter-satellite connectivity. In this setup, the HAPS node uses two different scheduling approaches: one that relies on the zenith angle; the other on instantaneous signal-to-noise ratio. To quantify the performance of the proposed scheme, overall outage probabilities for the two scheduling methods are obtained. In addition, guidelines for the design of practical inter-satellite networks are provided.