# Breeding realistic D-brane models

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2112.08391 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2112.08391/

## Key facts

- Cited by 4 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 4 of its 46 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 15 Dec 2021.

## Builds on (most cited first, 4 of 4)

- [Machine Learning CICY Threefolds](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1806.03121/) (2018)
- [Deep-Learning the Landscape](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1706.02714/) (2017)
- [Searching the Landscape of Flux Vacua with Genetic Algorithms](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1907.10072/) (2019)
- [Heterotic String Model Building with Monad Bundles and Reinforcement Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2108.07316/) (2021)

## Built on by (most cited first, 4 of 4)

- [Transforming Calabi-Yau Constructions: Generating New Calabi-Yau Manifolds with Transformers](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2507.03732/) (2025)
- [Machine Learning Toric Duality in Brane Tilings](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2409.15251/) (2024)
- [Intelligent Explorations of the String Theory Landscape](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2204.08073/) (2022)
- [Calabi-Yau Four/Five/Six-folds as mathbbPnw Hypersurfaces: Machine Learning, Approximation, and Generation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2311.17146/) (2023)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Intersecting branes provide a useful mechanism to construct particle physics models from string theory with a wide variety of desirable characteristics. The landscape of such models can be enormous, and navigating towards regions which are most phenomenologically interesting is potentially challenging. Machine learning techniques can be used to efficiently construct large numbers of consistent and phenomenologically desirable models. In this work we phrase the problem of finding consistent intersecting D-brane models in terms of genetic algorithms, which mimic natural selection to evolve a population collectively towards optimal solutions. For a four-dimensional cal N=1 supersymmetric type IIA orientifold with intersecting D6-branes, we demonstrate that O(106) unique, fully consistent models can be easily constructed, and, by a judicious choice of search environment and hyper-parameters, O(30%) of the found models contain the desired Standard Model gauge group factor. Having a sizable sample allows us to draw some preliminary landscape statistics of intersecting brane models both with and without the restriction of having the Standard Model gauge factor.