# A System for General In-Hand Object Re-Orientation

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2111.03043 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2111.03043/

## Key facts

- Cited by 165 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 25 of its 46 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 4 Nov 2021.

## Builds on (most cited first, 25 of 25)

- [Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1412.6980/) (2014)
- [Proximal Policy Optimization Algorithms](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1707.06347/) (2017)
- [Domain Randomization for Transferring Deep Neural Networks from Simulation to the Real World](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1703.06907/) (2017)
- [4D Spatio-Temporal ConvNets: Minkowski Convolutional Neural Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1904.08755/) (2019)
- [Fast and Accurate Deep Network Learning by Exponential Linear Units (ELUs)](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1511.07289/) (2015)
- [Isaac Gym: High Performance GPU-Based Physics Simulation For Robot Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2108.10470/) (2021)
- [A Point Set Generation Network for 3D Object Reconstruction from a Single Image](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1612.00603/) (2016)
- [IMPALA: Scalable Distributed Deep-RL with Importance Weighted Actor-Learner Architectures](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1802.01561/) (2018)
- [Solving Rubik's Cube with a Robot Hand](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1910.07113/) (2019)
- [Learning Complex Dexterous Manipulation with Deep Reinforcement Learning and Demonstrations](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1709.10087/) (2017)
- [Learning Dexterous In-Hand Manipulation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1808.00177/) (2018)
- [Learning Quadrupedal Locomotion over Challenging Terrain](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2010.11251/) (2020)
- [Learning by Cheating](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1912.12294/) (2019)
- [Horovod: fast and easy distributed deep learning in TensorFlow](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1802.05799/) (2018)
- [Dex-Net 2.0: Deep Learning to Plan Robust Grasps with Synthetic Point Clouds and Analytic Grasp Metrics](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1703.09312/) (2017)
- [6-DOF GraspNet: Variational Grasp Generation for Object Manipulation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1905.10520/) (2019)
- [Deep Dynamics Models for Learning Dexterous Manipulation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1909.11652/) (2019)
- [State-Only Imitation Learning for Dexterous Manipulation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2004.04650/) (2020)
- [Dexterous Manipulation with Deep Reinforcement Learning: Efficient, General, and Low-Cost](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1810.06045/) (2018)
- [EGAD! an Evolved Grasping Analysis Dataset for diversity and reproducibility in robotic manipulation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2003.01314/) (2020)
- [Learning Dexterous Manipulation for a Soft Robotic Hand from Human Demonstration](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1603.06348/) (2016)
- [Learning Dexterous Manipulation Policies from Experience and Imitation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1611.05095/) (2016)
- [Learning Dexterous Manipulation from Suboptimal Experts](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2010.08587/) (2020)
- [Relaxed-Rigidity Constraints: Kinematic Trajectory Optimization and Collision Avoidance for In-Grasp Manipulation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1806.00942/) (2018)
- [In-Hand Manipulation via Motion Cones](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1810.00219/) (2018)

## Built on by (most cited first, 30 of 165)

- [Diffusion Policy Policy Optimization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2409.00588/) (2024)
- [Masked Visual Pre-training for Motor Control](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2203.06173/) (2022)
- [RVT: Robotic View Transformer for 3D Object Manipulation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2306.14896/) (2023)
- [RoboGen: Towards Unleashing Infinite Data for Automated Robot Learning via Generative Simulation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2311.01455/) (2023)
- [Rapid Locomotion via Reinforcement Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2205.02824/) (2022)
- [Multimodal Web Navigation with Instruction-Finetuned Foundation Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2305.11854/) (2023)
- [DexCap: Scalable and Portable Mocap Data Collection System for Dexterous Manipulation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2403.07788/) (2024)
- [DeXtreme: Transfer of Agile In-hand Manipulation from Simulation to Reality](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2210.13702/) (2022)
- [GOAL: Generating 4D Whole-Body Motion for Hand-Object Grasping](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2112.11454/) (2021)
- [Reconciling Reality through Simulation: A Real-to-Sim-to-Real Approach for Robust Manipulation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2403.03949/) (2024)
- [UniDexGrasp: Universal Robotic Dexterous Grasping via Learning Diverse Proposal Generation and Goal-Conditioned Policy](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2303.00938/) (2023)
- [Towards Human-Level Bimanual Dexterous Manipulation with Reinforcement Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2206.08686/) (2022)
- [In-Hand Object Rotation via Rapid Motor Adaptation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2210.04887/) (2022)
- [3D Diffusion Policy: Generalizable Visuomotor Policy Learning via Simple 3D Representations](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2403.03954/) (2024)
- [UniDexGrasp++: Improving Dexterous Grasping Policy Learning via Geometry-aware Curriculum and Iterative Generalist-Specialist Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2304.00464/) (2023)
- [Accelerated Policy Learning with Parallel Differentiable Simulation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2204.07137/) (2022)
- [Toward General-Purpose Robots via Foundation Models: A Survey and Meta-Analysis](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2312.08782/) (2023)
- [Visual Dexterity: In-Hand Reorientation of Novel and Complex Object Shapes](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2211.11744/) (2022)
- [General In-Hand Object Rotation with Vision and Touch](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2309.09979/) (2023)
- [Flow Matching Policy Gradients](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2507.21053/) (2025)
- [DexGraspVLA: A Vision-Language-Action Framework Towards General Dexterous Grasping](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2502.20900/) (2025)
- [DexPoint: Generalizable Point Cloud Reinforcement Learning for Sim-to-Real Dexterous Manipulation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2211.09423/) (2022)
- [Rotating without Seeing: Towards In-hand Dexterity through Touch](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2303.10880/) (2023)
- [MyoSuite -- A contact-rich simulation suite for musculoskeletal motor control](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2205.13600/) (2022)
- [LEAP Hand: Low-Cost, Efficient, and Anthropomorphic Hand for Robot Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2309.06440/) (2023)
- [Dexterous Imitation Made Easy: A Learning-Based Framework for Efficient Dexterous Manipulation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2203.13251/) (2022)
- [DexArt: Benchmarking Generalizable Dexterous Manipulation with Articulated Objects](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2305.05706/) (2023)
- [ManipTrans: Efficient Dexterous Bimanual Manipulation Transfer via Residual Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2503.21860/) (2025)
- [Gen2Sim: Scaling up Robot Learning in Simulation with Generative Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2310.18308/) (2023)
- [Dexterity from Touch: Self-Supervised Pre-Training of Tactile Representations with Robotic Play](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2303.12076/) (2023)

## Abstract (arXiv)

In-hand object reorientation has been a challenging problem in robotics due to high dimensional actuation space and the frequent change in contact state between the fingers and the objects. We present a simple model-free framework that can learn to reorient objects with both the hand facing upwards and downwards. We demonstrate the capability of reorienting over 2000 geometrically different objects in both cases. The learned policies show strong zero-shot transfer performance on new objects. We provide evidence that these policies are amenable to real-world operation by distilling them to use observations easily available in the real world. The videos of the learned policies are available at: https://taochenshh.github.io/projects/in-hand-reorientation.