# RRNet: Relational Reasoning Network with Parallel Multi-scale Attention for Salient Object Detection in Optical Remote Sensing Images

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2110.14223 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2110.14223/

## Key facts

- Cited by 34 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 29 of its 53 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 27 Oct 2021.

## Builds on (most cited first, 29 of 29)

- [CBAM: Convolutional Block Attention Module](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1807.06521/) (2018)
- [Res2Net: A New Multi-scale Backbone Architecture](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1904.01169/) (2019)
- [Object Detection in Optical Remote Sensing Images: A Survey and A New Benchmark](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1909.00133/) (2019)
- [Deep Convolutional Networks on Graph-Structured Data](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1506.05163/) (2015)
- [EGNet:Edge Guidance Network for Salient Object Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1908.08297/) (2019)
- [A Simple Pooling-Based Design for Real-Time Salient Object Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1904.09569/) (2019)
- [Multi-scale Interactive Network for Salient Object Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2007.09062/) (2020)
- [F3Net: Fusion, Feedback and Focus for Salient Object Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1911.11445/) (2019)
- [Camouflaged Object Segmentation with Distraction Mining](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2104.10475/) (2021)
- [PPDM: Parallel Point Detection and Matching for Real-time Human-Object Interaction Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1912.12898/) (2019)
- [Rethinking RGB-D Salient Object Detection: Models, Data Sets, and Large-Scale Benchmarks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1907.06781/) (2019)
- [Pyramid Feature Attention Network for Saliency detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1903.00179/) (2019)
- [Suppress and Balance: A Simple Gated Network for Salient Object Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2007.08074/) (2020)
- [Graph-Based Global Reasoning Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1811.12814/) (2018)
- [Global Context-Aware Progressive Aggregation Network for Salient Object Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2003.00651/) (2020)
- [Mutual Graph Learning for Camouflaged Object Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2104.02613/) (2021)
- [Dense Attention Fluid Network for Salient Object Detection in Optical Remote Sensing Images](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2011.13144/) (2020)
- [Review of Visual Saliency Detection with Comprehensive Information](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1803.03391/) (2018)
- [Nested Network with Two-Stream Pyramid for Salient Object Detection in Optical Remote Sensing Images](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1906.08462/) (2019)
- [RGB-D Salient Object Detection with Cross-Modality Modulation and Selection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2007.07051/) (2020)
- [DPANet: Depth Potentiality-Aware Gated Attention Network for RGB-D Salient Object Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2003.08608/) (2020)
- [CoADNet: Collaborative Aggregation-and-Distribution Networks for Co-Salient Object Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2011.04887/) (2020)
- [Saliency Detection for Stereoscopic Images Based on Depth Confidence Analysis and Multiple Cues Fusion](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1710.05174/) (2017)
- [A Parallel Down-Up Fusion Network for Salient Object Detection in Optical Remote Sensing Images](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2010.00793/) (2020)
- [Co-saliency Detection for RGBD Images Based on Multi-constraint Feature Matching and Cross Label Propagation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1710.05172/) (2017)
- [ORSIm Detector: A Novel Object Detection Framework in Optical Remote Sensing Imagery Using Spatial-Frequency Channel Features](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1901.07925/) (2019)
- [HSCS: Hierarchical Sparsity Based Co-saliency Detection for RGBD Images](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1811.06679/) (2018)
- [An Iterative Co-Saliency Framework for RGBD Images](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1711.01371/) (2017)
- [VSSA-NET: Vertical Spatial Sequence Attention Network for Traffic Sign Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1905.01583/) (2019)

## Built on by (most cited first, 30 of 34)

- [PUGAN: Physical Model-Guided Underwater Image Enhancement Using GAN with Dual-Discriminators](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2306.08918/) (2023)
- [CIR-Net: Cross-modality Interaction and Refinement for RGB-D Salient Object Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2210.02843/) (2022)
- [Does Thermal Really Always Matter for RGB-T Salient Object Detection?](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2210.04266/) (2022)
- [Camouflaged Object Detection via Context-aware Cross-level Fusion](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2207.13362/) (2022)
- [HRTransNet: HRFormer-Driven Two-Modality Salient Object Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2301.03036/) (2023)
- [Point-aware Interaction and CNN-induced Refinement Network for RGB-D Salient Object Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2308.08930/) (2023)
- [Global-and-Local Collaborative Learning for Co-Salient Object Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2204.08917/) (2022)
- [UniUIR: Considering Underwater Image Restoration as An All-in-One Learner](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2501.12981/) (2025)
- [A Weakly Supervised Learning Framework for Salient Object Detection via Hybrid Labels](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2209.02957/) (2022)
- [Towards Diverse Binary Segmentation via A Simple yet General Gated Network](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2303.10396/) (2023)
- [Salient Object Detection in Optical Remote Sensing Images Driven by Transformer](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2309.08206/) (2023)
- [Multi-Content Complementation Network for Salient Object Detection in Optical Remote Sensing Images](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2112.01932/) (2021)
- [BCS-Net: Boundary, Context and Semantic for Automatic COVID-19 Lung Infection Segmentation from CT Images](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2207.08114/) (2022)
- [Lightweight Salient Object Detection in Optical Remote-Sensing Images via Semantic Matching and Edge Alignment](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2301.02778/) (2023)
- [Multi-Projection Fusion and Refinement Network for Salient Object Detection in 360deg Omnidirectional Image](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2212.12378/) (2022)
- [PSNet: Parallel Symmetric Network for Video Salient Object Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2210.05912/) (2022)
- [Boundary Guided Semantic Learning for Real-time COVID-19 Lung Infection Segmentation System](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2209.02934/) (2022)
- [SDDNet: Style-guided Dual-layer Disentanglement Network for Shadow Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2308.08935/) (2023)
- [Defense against Adversarial Cloud Attack on Remote Sensing Salient Object Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2306.17431/) (2023)
- [SAM-SP: Self-Prompting Makes SAM Great Again](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2408.12364/) (2024)
- [A lightweight multi-scale context network for salient object detection in optical remote sensing images](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2205.08959/) (2022)
- [Boundary-semantic collaborative guidance network with dual-stream feedback mechanism for salient object detection in optical remote sensing imagery](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2303.02867/) (2023)
- [Dual Swin-Transformer based Mutual Interactive Network for RGB-D Salient Object Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2206.03105/) (2022)
- [Texture-Semantic Collaboration Network for ORSI Salient Object Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2312.03548/) (2023)
- [A self-supervised CNN for image watermark removal](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2403.05807/) (2024)
- [Randomized based restricted kernel machine for hyperspectral image classification](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2503.05837/) (2025)
- [Feedback Chain Network For Hippocampus Segmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2211.07891/) (2022)
- [Underground Diagnosis Based on GPR and Learning in the Model Space](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2211.15480/) (2022)
- [Learning Hierarchical Color Guidance for Depth Map Super-Resolution](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2403.07290/) (2024)
- [Attention Guided Network for Salient Object Detection in Optical Remote Sensing Images](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2207.01755/) (2022)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Salient object detection (SOD) for optical remote sensing images (RSIs) aims at locating and extracting visually distinctive objects/regions from the optical RSIs. Despite some saliency models were proposed to solve the intrinsic problem of optical RSIs (such as complex background and scale-variant objects), the accuracy and completeness are still unsatisfactory. To this end, we propose a relational reasoning network with parallel multi-scale attention for SOD in optical RSIs in this paper. The relational reasoning module that integrates the spatial and the channel dimensions is designed to infer the semantic relationship by utilizing high-level encoder features, thereby promoting the generation of more complete detection results. The parallel multi-scale attention module is proposed to effectively restore the detail information and address the scale variation of salient objects by using the low-level features refined by multi-scale attention. Extensive experiments on two datasets demonstrate that our proposed RRNet outperforms the existing state-of-the-art SOD competitors both qualitatively and quantitatively.