# Heterogeneous Relational Complement for Vehicle Re-identification

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2109.07894 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2109.07894/

## Key facts

- Cited by 25 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 23 of its 44 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 16 Sep 2021.

## Builds on (most cited first, 23 of 23)

- [Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognition](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1512.03385/) (2015)
- [Semi-Supervised Classification with Graph Convolutional Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1609.02907/) (2016)
- [Graph Attention Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1710.10903/) (2017)
- [Auto-Encoding Variational Bayes](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1312.6114/) (2013)
- [DeepGCNs: Can GCNs Go as Deep as CNNs?](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1904.03751/) (2019)
- [Two at Once: Enhancing Learning and Generalization Capacities via IBN-Net](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1807.09441/) (2018)
- [A Strong Baseline and Batch Normalization Neck for Deep Person Re-identification](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1906.08332/) (2019)
- [A Large-Scale Car Dataset for Fine-Grained Categorization and Verification](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1506.08959/) (2015)
- [Hi-CMD: Hierarchical Cross-Modality Disentanglement for Visible-Infrared Person Re-Identification](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1912.01230/) (2019)
- [Linkage Based Face Clustering via Graph Convolution Network](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1903.11306/) (2019)
- [Parsing-based View-aware Embedding Network for Vehicle Re-Identification](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2004.05021/) (2020)
- [Vehicle Re-identification with Viewpoint-aware Metric Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1910.04104/) (2019)
- [Class-wise Dynamic Graph Convolution for Semantic Segmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2007.09690/) (2020)
- [VehicleNet: Learning Robust Visual Representation for Vehicle Re-identification](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2004.06305/) (2020)
- [The Devil is in the Details: Self-Supervised Attention for Vehicle Re-Identification](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2004.06271/) (2020)
- [Simulating Content Consistent Vehicle Datasets with Attribute Descent](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1912.08855/) (2019)
- [A Dual-Path Model With Adaptive Attention For Vehicle Re-Identification](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1905.03397/) (2019)
- [PAMTRI: Pose-Aware Multi-Task Learning for Vehicle Re-Identification Using Highly Randomized Synthetic Data](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2005.00673/) (2020)
- [RAM: A Region-Aware Deep Model for Vehicle Re-Identification](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1806.09283/) (2018)
- [Robust Re-Identification by Multiple Views Knowledge Distillation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2007.04174/) (2020)
- [Learning Deep Neural Networks for Vehicle Re-ID with Visual-spatio-temporal Path Proposals](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1708.03918/) (2017)
- [Vehicle Re-Identification: an Efficient Baseline Using Triplet Embedding](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1901.01015/) (2019)
- [VOC-ReID: Vehicle Re-identification based on Vehicle-Orientation-Camera](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2004.09164/) (2020)

## Built on by (most cited first, 25 of 25)

- [Magic Tokens: Select Diverse Tokens for Multi-modal Object Re-Identification](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2403.10254/) (2024)
- [TOP-ReID: Multi-spectral Object Re-Identification with Token Permutation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2312.09612/) (2023)
- [Adaptive Sparse Pairwise Loss for Object Re-Identification](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2303.18247/) (2023)
- [Multi-spectral Vehicle Re-identification with Cross-directional Consistency Network and a High-quality Benchmark](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2208.00632/) (2022)
- [Offline-Online Associated Camera-Aware Proxies for Unsupervised Person Re-identification](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2201.05820/) (2022)
- [ICPL-ReID: Identity-Conditional Prompt Learning for Multi-Spectral Object Re-Identification](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2505.17821/) (2025)
- [MDReID: Modality-Decoupled Learning for Any-to-Any Multi-Modal Object Re-Identification](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2510.23301/) (2025)
- [MutualFormer: Multi-Modality Representation Learning via Cross-Diffusion Attention](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2112.01177/) (2021)
- [RVSL: Robust Vehicle Similarity Learning in Real Hazy Scenes Based on Semi-supervised Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2209.08630/) (2022)
- [Strength in Diversity: Multi-Branch Representation Learning for Vehicle Re-Identification](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2310.01129/) (2023)
- [Reliable Multi-Modal Object Re-Identification via Modality-Aware Graph Reasoning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2504.14847/) (2025)
- [CLIP-SENet: CLIP-based Semantic Enhancement Network for Vehicle Re-identification](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2502.16815/) (2025)
- [Bridging the Source-to-target Gap for Cross-domain Person Re-Identification with Intermediate Domains](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2203.01682/) (2022)
- [Negative Samples are at Large: Leveraging Hard-distance Elastic Loss for Re-identification](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2207.09884/) (2022)
- [Parsing Objects at a Finer Granularity: A Survey](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2212.13693/) (2022)
- [Multi-query Vehicle Re-identification: Viewpoint-conditioned Network, Unified Dataset and New Metric](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2305.15764/) (2023)
- [Scalable and Real-time Multi-Camera Vehicle Detection, Re-Identification, and Tracking](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2204.07442/) (2022)
- [Global-Supervised Contrastive Loss and View-Aware-Based Post-Processing for Vehicle Re-Identification](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2204.07943/) (2022)
- [VehicleGAN: Pair-flexible Pose Guided Image Synthesis for Vehicle Re-identification](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2311.16278/) (2023)
- [Enhancing Vehicle Re-identification and Matching for Weaving Analysis](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2407.04688/) (2024)
- [Dual Cluster Contrastive learning for Object Re-Identification](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2112.04662/) (2021)
- [Scalable Vehicle Re-Identification via Self-Supervision](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2205.07613/) (2022)
- [Towards Global Localization using Multi-Modal Object-Instance Re-Identification](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2409.12002/) (2024)
- [LKA-ReID:Vehicle Re-Identification with Large Kernel Attention](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2409.17908/) (2024)
- [FUSE: Frequency-domain Unification and Spectral Energy Alignment for Multi-modal Object Re-Identification](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2606.20044/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

The crucial problem in vehicle re-identification is to find the same vehicle identity when reviewing this object from cross-view cameras, which sets a higher demand for learning viewpoint-invariant representations. In this paper, we propose to solve this problem from two aspects: constructing robust feature representations and proposing camera-sensitive evaluations. We first propose a novel Heterogeneous Relational Complement Network (HRCN) by incorporating region-specific features and cross-level features as complements for the original high-level output. Considering the distributional differences and semantic misalignment, we propose graph-based relation modules to embed these heterogeneous features into one unified high-dimensional space. On the other hand, considering the deficiencies of cross-camera evaluations in existing measures (i.e., CMC and AP), we then propose a Cross-camera Generalization Measure (CGM) to improve the evaluations by introducing position-sensitivity and cross-camera generalization penalties. We further construct a new benchmark of existing models with our proposed CGM and experimental results reveal that our proposed HRCN model achieves new state-of-the-art in VeRi-776, VehicleID, and VERI-Wild.