# Holographic Metasurface Antennas for Uplink Massive MIMO Systems

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2108.12513 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2108.12513/

## Key facts

- Cited by 2 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- First posted on arXiv 27 Aug 2021.

## Built on by (most cited first, 2 of 2)

- [Learning Optimal Phase-Shifts of Holographic Metasurface Transceivers](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2301.03371/) (2022)
- [HoloBeam: Learning Optimal Beamforming in Far-Field Holographic Metasurface Transceivers](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2401.05420/) (2023)

## Abstract (arXiv)

We propose an uplink massive MIMO system using an array of holographic metasurfaces as a sector antenna. The antenna consists of a set of rectangular waveguide-fed metasurfaces combined along the elevation direction into a planar aperture, each with subwavelength-sized metamaterial elements as radiators. The metamaterial radiators are designed such that the waveguide-fed metasurface implements a holographic solution for the guided (or reference) mode, generating a fan beam towards a prescribed direction, thereby forming a multibeam antenna system. We demonstrate that a narrowband uplink massive MIMO system using the metasurfaces can achieve the sum capacity close to that offered by the Rayleigh channel at 3.5 GHz. We show that metasurfaces supporting multiple fan beams can achieve high spatial resolution in the azimuth directions in sub-6 GHz channels, and thereby form uncorrelated MIMO channels between the base station and users. Also, the proposed metasurface antenna is structurally simple, low-cost, and efficient, and thus is suitable to alleviate RF hardware issues common to massive MIMO systems equipped with a large antenna system.