# PGTRNet: Two-phase Weakly Supervised Object Detection with Pseudo Ground Truth Refinement

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2108.11439 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2108.11439/

## Key facts

- No citing papers in the map yet (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 19 of its 26 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 25 Aug 2021.

## Builds on (most cited first, 19 of 19)

- [Faster R-CNN: Towards Real-Time Object Detection with Region Proposal Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1506.01497/) (2015)
- [You Only Look Once: Unified, Real-Time Object Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1506.02640/) (2015)
- [Fast R-CNN](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1504.08083/) (2015)
- [Rich feature hierarchies for accurate object detection and semantic segmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1311.2524/) (2013)
- [Weakly Supervised Deep Detection Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1511.02853/) (2015)
- [Multiple Instance Detection Network with Online Instance Classifier Refinement](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1704.00138/) (2017)
- [PCL: Proposal Cluster Learning for Weakly Supervised Object Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1807.03342/) (2018)
- [Instance-aware, Context-focused, and Memory-efficient Weakly Supervised Object Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2004.04725/) (2020)
- [WSOD^2: Learning Bottom-up and Top-down Objectness Distillation for Weakly-supervised Object Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1909.04972/) (2019)
- [Towards Precise End-to-end Weakly Supervised Object Detection Network](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1911.12148/) (2019)
- [Weakly Supervised Object Localization with Multi-fold Multiple Instance Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1503.00949/) (2015)
- [ContextLocNet: Context-Aware Deep Network Models for Weakly Supervised Localization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1609.04331/) (2016)
- [Multi-Evidence Filtering and Fusion for Multi-Label Classification, Object Detection and Semantic Segmentation Based on Weakly Supervised Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1802.09129/) (2018)
- [Dissimilarity Coefficient based Weakly Supervised Object Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1811.10016/) (2018)
- [Object Instance Mining for Weakly Supervised Object Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2002.01087/) (2020)
- [Patchy Image Structure Classification Using Multi-Orientation Region Transform](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1912.00622/) (2019)
- [Mask Guided Attention For Fine-Grained Patchy Image Classification](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2102.02771/) (2021)
- [Relaxed Multiple-Instance SVM with Application to Object Discovery](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1510.01027/) (2015)
- [Deep Patch Learning for Weakly Supervised Object Classification and Discovery](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1705.02429/) (2017)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Current state-of-the-art weakly supervised object detection (WSOD) studies mainly follow a two-stage training strategy which integrates a fully supervised detector (FSD) with a pure WSOD model. There are two main problems hindering the performance of the two-phase WSOD approaches, i.e., insufficient learning problem and strict reliance between the FSD and the pseudo ground truth (PGT) generated by the WSOD model. This paper proposes pseudo ground truth refinement network (PGTRNet), a simple yet effective method without introducing any extra learnable parameters, to cope with these problems. PGTRNet utilizes multiple bounding boxes to establish the PGT, mitigating the insufficient learning problem. Besides, we propose a novel online PGT refinement approach to steadily improve the quality of PGT by fully taking advantage of the power of FSD during the second-phase training, decoupling the first and second-phase models. Elaborate experiments are conducted on the PASCAL VOC 2007 benchmark to verify the effectiveness of our methods. Experimental results demonstrate that PGTRNet boosts the backbone model by 2.1% mAP and achieves the state-of-the-art performance.