# LivDet 2021 Fingerprint Liveness Detection Competition -- Into the unknown

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2108.10183 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2108.10183/

## Key facts

- Cited by 11 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 4 of its 9 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 23 Aug 2021.

## Builds on (most cited first, 4 of 4)

- [Fingerprint Spoof Buster](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1712.04489/) (2017)
- [LivDet in Action - Fingerprint Liveness Detection Competition 2019](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1905.00639/) (2019)
- [Analysis of "User-Specific Effect" and Impact of Operator Skills on Fingerprint PAD Systems](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1907.08068/) (2019)
- [Are spoofs from latent fingerprints a real threat for the best state-of-art liveness detectors?](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2007.03397/) (2020)

## Built on by (most cited first, 11 of 11)

- [SpoofGAN: Synthetic Fingerprint Spoof Images](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2204.06498/) (2022)
- [Review of the Fingerprint Liveness Detection (LivDet) competition series: from 2009 to 2021](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2202.07259/) (2022)
- [Grains of Saliency: Optimizing Saliency-based Training of Biometric Attack Detection Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2405.00650/) (2024)
- [Deep Learning based Fingerprint Presentation Attack Detection: A Comprehensive Survey](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2305.17522/) (2023)
- [ViT Unified: Joint Fingerprint Recognition and Presentation Attack Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2305.07602/) (2023)
- [Saliency-Guided Training for Fingerprint Presentation Attack Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2505.02176/) (2025)
- [Motion ID: Human Authentication Approach](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2302.01751/) (2023)
- [Introduction to Presentation Attack Detection in Fingerprint Biometrics](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2304.06723/) (2023)
- [RFDforFin: Robust Deep Forgery Detection for GAN-generated Fingerprint Images](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2308.09285/) (2023)
- [What's Old is New Again: Classical Dimensionality Reduction for Efficient Saliency-Guided Biometric Attack Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2606.13528/) (2026)
- [Cascade Forgery Mining Network for Fingerprint Presentation Attack Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2607.24090/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

The International Fingerprint Liveness Detection Competition is an international biennial competition open to academia and industry with the aim to assess and report advances in Fingerprint Presentation Attack Detection. The proposed "Liveness Detection in Action" and "Fingerprint representation" challenges were aimed to evaluate the impact of a PAD embedded into a verification system, and the effectiveness and compactness of feature sets for mobile applications. Furthermore, we experimented a new spoof fabrication method that has particularly affected the final results. Twenty-three algorithms were submitted to the competition, the maximum number ever achieved by LivDet.