# Relaxation Based Modeling of GMD Induced Cascading Failures in PowerModelsGMD.jl

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2108.06585 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2108.06585/

## Key facts

- Cited by 1 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- First posted on arXiv 14 Aug 2021.

## Built on by (most cited first, 1 of 1)

- [Physics-Informed Heterogeneous Graph Neural Networks for DC Blocker Placement](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2405.10389/) (2024)

## Abstract (arXiv)

A major risk of geomagnetic disturbances (GMDs) is cascading failure of electrical grids. The modeling of GMD events and cascading outages in power systems is difficult, both independently and jointly, because of the many different mechanisms and physics involved. This paper introduces a relaxation based modeling of GMD-induced cascading failures:~the dc approximation-based DCSIMSEP solver was adapted to simulate cascading as a result of GMDs, the full set of ac power flow equations were relaxed to guarantee optimality, and the reactive power losses were modeled while keeping the problem convex. The developed algorithm was implemented in PowerModelsGMD.jl - an open-source software specifically designed to model and analyze geomagnetic hazards - and demonstrated to work on the RTS-GMLC-GIC-EAST synthetic test network.