# Optimized multi-axis spiral projection MR fingerprinting with subspace reconstruction for rapid whole-brain high-isotropic-resolution quantitative imaging

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2108.05985 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2108.05985/

## Key facts

- Cited by 4 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- First posted on arXiv 12 Aug 2021.

## Built on by (most cited first, 4 of 4)

- [Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Models for Magnetic Resonance Fingerprinting](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2410.23318/) (2024)
- [Physics informed guided diffusion for accelerated multi-parametric MRI reconstruction](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2506.23311/) (2025)
- [Low-Rank Augmented Implicit Neural Representation for Unsupervised High-Dimensional Quantitative MRI Reconstruction](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2506.09100/) (2025)
- [MRI2Qmap: multi-parametric quantitative mapping with MRI-driven denoising priors](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2603.11316/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Purpose: To improve image quality and accelerate the acquisition of 3D MRF. Methods: Building on the multi-axis spiral-projection MRF technique, a subspace reconstruction with locally low rank (LLR) constraint and a modified spiral-projection spatiotemporal encoding scheme termed tiny-golden-angle-shuffling (TGAS) were implemented for rapid whole-brain high-resolution quantitative mapping. The LLR regularization parameter and the number of subspace bases were tuned using retrospective in-vivo data and simulated examinations, respectively. B0 inhomogeneity correction using multi-frequency interpolation was incorporated into the subspace reconstruction to further improve the image quality by mitigating blurring caused by off-resonance effect. Results: The proposed MRF acquisition and reconstruction framework can produce provide high quality 1-mm isotropic whole-brain quantitative maps in a total acquisition time of 1 minute 55 seconds, with higher-quality results than ones obtained from the previous approach in 6 minutes. The comparison of quantitative results indicates that neither the subspace reconstruction nor the TGAS trajectory induce bias for T1 and T2 mapping. High quality whole-brain MRF data were also obtained at 0.66-mm isotropic resolution in 4 minutes using the proposed technique, where the increased resolution was shown to improve visualization of subtle brain structures. Conclusion: The proposed TGAS-SPI-MRF with optimized spiral-projection trajectory and subspace reconstruction can enable high-resolution quantitative mapping with faster acquisition speed.