# Mining the Benefits of Two-stage and One-stage HOI Detection

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2108.05077 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2108.05077/

## Key facts

- Cited by 103 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 30 of its 39 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 11 Aug 2021.

## Builds on (most cited first, 30 of 30)

- [Microsoft COCO: Common Objects in Context](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1405.0312/) (2014)
- [Faster R-CNN: Towards Real-Time Object Detection with Region Proposal Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1506.01497/) (2015)
- [End-to-End Object Detection with Transformers](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2005.12872/) (2020)
- [Mask R-CNN](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1703.06870/) (2017)
- [Generalized Intersection over Union: A Metric and A Loss for Bounding Box Regression](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1902.09630/) (2019)
- [Learning to Detect Human-Object Interactions](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1702.05448/) (2017)
- [Detecting and Recognizing Human-Object Interactions](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1704.07333/) (2017)
- [Visual Semantic Role Labeling](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1505.04474/) (2015)
- [HOTR: End-to-End Human-Object Interaction Detection with Transformers](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2104.13682/) (2021)
- [Learning Human-Object Interactions by Graph Parsing Neural Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1808.07962/) (2018)
- [QPIC: Query-Based Pairwise Human-Object Interaction Detection with Image-Wide Contextual Information](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2103.05399/) (2021)
- [PPDM: Parallel Point Detection and Matching for Real-time Human-Object Interaction Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1912.12898/) (2019)
- [End-to-End Human Object Interaction Detection with HOI Transformer](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2103.04503/) (2021)
- [Visual Compositional Learning for Human-Object Interaction Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2007.12407/) (2020)
- [iCAN: Instance-Centric Attention Network for Human-Object Interaction Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1808.10437/) (2018)
- [DRG: Dual Relation Graph for Human-Object Interaction Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2008.11714/) (2020)
- [VSGNet: Spatial Attention Network for Detecting Human Object Interactions Using Graph Convolutions](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2003.05541/) (2020)
- [Learning Human-Object Interaction Detection using Interaction Points](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2003.14023/) (2020)
- [Reformulating HOI Detection as Adaptive Set Prediction](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2103.05983/) (2021)
- [Detailed 2D-3D Joint Representation for Human-Object Interaction](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2004.08154/) (2020)
- [Pose-aware Multi-level Feature Network for Human Object Interaction Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1909.08453/) (2019)
- [HOI Analysis: Integrating and Decomposing Human-Object Interaction](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2010.16219/) (2020)
- [Affordance Transfer Learning for Human-Object Interaction Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2104.02867/) (2021)
- [Detecting Human-Object Interactions with Action Co-occurrence Priors](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2007.08728/) (2020)
- [Glance and Gaze: Inferring Action-aware Points for One-Stage Human-Object Interaction Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2104.05269/) (2021)
- [Contextual Heterogeneous Graph Network for Human-Object Interaction Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2010.10001/) (2020)
- [DIRV: Dense Interaction Region Voting for End-to-End Human-Object Interaction Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2010.01005/) (2020)
- [Polysemy Deciphering Network for Robust Human-Object Interaction Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2008.02918/) (2020)
- [Transferable Interactiveness Knowledge for Human-Object Interaction Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1811.08264/) (2018)
- [A Graph-based Interactive Reasoning for Human-Object Interaction Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2007.06925/) (2020)

## Built on by (most cited first, 30 of 103)

- [GEN-VLKT: Simplify Association and Enhance Interaction Understanding for HOI Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2203.13954/) (2022)
- [Panoptic Scene Graph Generation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2207.11247/) (2022)
- [SGTR: End-to-end Scene Graph Generation with Transformer](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2112.12970/) (2021)
- [Full-Body Articulated Human-Object Interaction](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2212.10621/) (2022)
- [HOICLIP: Efficient Knowledge Transfer for HOI Detection with Vision-Language Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2303.15786/) (2023)
- [Exploring Predicate Visual Context in Detecting Human-Object Interactions](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2308.06202/) (2023)
- [RLIP: Relational Language-Image Pre-training for Human-Object Interaction Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2209.01814/) (2022)
- [Exploring Structure-aware Transformer over Interaction Proposals for Human-Object Interaction Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2206.06291/) (2022)
- [Webly Supervised Concept Expansion for General Purpose Vision Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2202.02317/) (2022)
- [RLIPv2: Fast Scaling of Relational Language-Image Pre-training](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2308.09351/) (2023)
- [AiOS: All-in-One-Stage Expressive Human Pose and Shape Estimation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2403.17934/) (2024)
- [ViPLO: Vision Transformer based Pose-Conditioned Self-Loop Graph for Human-Object Interaction Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2304.08114/) (2023)
- [Interactiveness Field in Human-Object Interactions](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2204.07718/) (2022)
- [Human-Object Interaction Detection via Disentangled Transformer](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2204.09290/) (2022)
- [Efficient Adaptive Human-Object Interaction Detection with Concept-guided Memory](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2309.03696/) (2023)
- [Interaction Region Visual Transformer for Egocentric Action Anticipation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2211.14154/) (2022)
- [Relational Context Learning for Human-Object Interaction Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2304.04997/) (2023)
- [Mining Cross-Person Cues for Body-Part Interactiveness Learning in HOI Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2207.14192/) (2022)
- [Detecting Any Human-Object Interaction Relationship: Universal HOI Detector with Spatial Prompt Learning on Foundation Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2311.03799/) (2023)
- [End-to-End Zero-Shot HOI Detection via Vision and Language Knowledge Distillation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2204.03541/) (2022)
- [FGAHOI: Fine-Grained Anchors for Human-Object Interaction Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2301.04019/) (2023)
- [Open-World Human-Object Interaction Detection via Multi-modal Prompts](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2406.07221/) (2024)
- [Exploring Conditional Multi-Modal Prompts for Zero-shot HOI Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2408.02484/) (2024)
- [TOIST: Task Oriented Instance Segmentation Transformer with Noun-Pronoun Distillation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2210.10775/) (2022)
- [Neural-Logic Human-Object Interaction Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2311.09817/) (2023)
- [Exploring the Potential of Large Foundation Models for Open-Vocabulary HOI Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2404.06194/) (2024)
- [OED: Towards One-stage End-to-End Dynamic Scene Graph Generation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2405.16925/) (2024)
- [Category-Aware Transformer Network for Better Human-Object Interaction Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2204.04911/) (2022)
- [Boosting Human-Object Interaction Detection with Text-to-Image Diffusion Model](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2305.12252/) (2023)
- [Category Query Learning for Human-Object Interaction Classification](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2303.14005/) (2023)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Two-stage methods have dominated Human-Object Interaction (HOI) detection for several years. Recently, one-stage HOI detection methods have become popular. In this paper, we aim to explore the essential pros and cons of two-stage and one-stage methods. With this as the goal, we find that conventional two-stage methods mainly suffer from positioning positive interactive human-object pairs, while one-stage methods are challenging to make an appropriate trade-off on multi-task learning, i.e., object detection, and interaction classification. Therefore, a core problem is how to take the essence and discard the dregs from the conventional two types of methods. To this end, we propose a novel one-stage framework with disentangling human-object detection and interaction classification in a cascade manner. In detail, we first design a human-object pair generator based on a state-of-the-art one-stage HOI detector by removing the interaction classification module or head and then design a relatively isolated interaction classifier to classify each human-object pair. Two cascade decoders in our proposed framework can focus on one specific task, detection or interaction classification. In terms of the specific implementation, we adopt a transformer-based HOI detector as our base model. The newly introduced disentangling paradigm outperforms existing methods by a large margin, with a significant relative mAP gain of 9.32% on HICO-Det. The source codes are available at https://github.com/YueLiao/CDN.