# Deep Learning methods for automatic evaluation of delayed enhancement-MRI. The results of the EMIDEC challenge

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2108.04016 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2108.04016/

## Key facts

- Cited by 28 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 21 of its 56 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 9 Aug 2021.

## Builds on (most cited first, 21 of 21)

- [Attention Is All You Need](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1706.03762/) (2017)
- [Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognition](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1512.03385/) (2015)
- [U-Net: Convolutional Networks for Biomedical Image Segmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1505.04597/) (2015)
- [Microsoft COCO: Common Objects in Context](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1405.0312/) (2014)
- [mixup: Beyond Empirical Risk Minimization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1710.09412/) (2017)
- [MobileNetV2: Inverted Residuals and Linear Bottlenecks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1801.04381/) (2018)
- [Squeeze-and-Excitation Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1709.01507/) (2017)
- [Aggregated Residual Transformations for Deep Neural Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1611.05431/) (2016)
- [V-Net: Fully Convolutional Neural Networks for Volumetric Medical Image Segmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1606.04797/) (2016)
- [Inception-v4, Inception-ResNet and the Impact of Residual Connections on Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1602.07261/) (2016)
- [Attention U-Net: Learning Where to Look for the Pancreas](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1804.03999/) (2018)
- [Fast and Accurate Deep Network Learning by Exponential Linear Units (ELUs)](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1511.07289/) (2015)
- [Generalised Dice overlap as a deep learning loss function for highly unbalanced segmentations](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1707.03237/) (2017)
- [Selective Kernel Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1903.06586/) (2019)
- [Combo Loss: Handling Input and Output Imbalance in Multi-Organ Segmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1805.02798/) (2018)
- [Cardiac Segmentation from LGE MRI Using Deep Neural Network Incorporating Shape and Spatial Priors](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1906.07347/) (2019)
- [Cascaded Convolutional Neural Network for Automatic Myocardial Infarction Segmentation from Delayed-Enhancement Cardiac MRI](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2012.14128/) (2020)
- [A Radiomics Approach to Computer-Aided Diagnosis with Cardiac Cine-MRI](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1909.11854/) (2019)
- [Automatic Myocardial Disease Prediction From Delayed-Enhancement Cardiac MRI and Clinical Information](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2010.08469/) (2020)
- [Automatic Myocardial Infarction Evaluation from Delayed-Enhancement Cardiac MRI using Deep Convolutional Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2010.16198/) (2020)
- [Anatomy Prior Based U-net for Pathology Segmentation with Attention](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2011.08769/) (2020)

## Built on by (most cited first, 28 of 28)

- [Learning with Limited Annotations: A Survey on Deep Semi-Supervised Learning for Medical Image Segmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2207.14191/) (2022)
- [MedShapeNet -- A Large-Scale Dataset of 3D Medical Shapes for Computer Vision](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2308.16139/) (2023)
- [Interactive Medical Image Segmentation: A Benchmark Dataset and Baseline](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2411.12814/) (2024)
- [The state-of-the-art 3D anisotropic intracranial hemorrhage segmentation on non-contrast head CT: The INSTANCE challenge](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2301.03281/) (2023)
- [Uncertainty-Guided Mutual Consistency Learning for Semi-Supervised Medical Image Segmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2112.02508/) (2021)
- [SemiSAM: Enhancing Semi-Supervised Medical Image Segmentation via SAM-Assisted Consistency Regularization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2312.06316/) (2023)
- [Attri-VAE: attribute-based interpretable representations of medical images with variational autoencoders](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2203.10417/) (2022)
- [LeFusion: Controllable Pathology Synthesis via Lesion-Focused Diffusion Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2403.14066/) (2024)
- [Towards a vision foundation model for comprehensive assessment of Cardiac MRI](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2410.01665/) (2024)
- [SegAnyPET: Universal Promptable Segmentation from Positron Emission Tomography Images](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2502.14351/) (2025)
- [Enhancing the Reliability of Segment Anything Model for Auto-Prompting Medical Image Segmentation with Uncertainty Rectification](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2311.10529/) (2023)
- [MedSG-Bench: A Benchmark for Medical Image Sequences Grounding](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2505.11852/) (2025)
- [TRACE: Temporally Reliable Anatomically-Conditioned 3D CT Generation with Enhanced Efficiency](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2507.00802/) (2025)
- [Optimized Automated Cardiac MR Scar Quantification with GAN-Based Data Augmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2109.12940/) (2021)
- [Competitive Ensembling Teacher-Student Framework for Semi-Supervised Left Atrium MRI Segmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2310.13955/) (2023)
- [Beyond Pixel-Wise Supervision for Medical Image Segmentation: From Traditional Models to Foundation Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2404.13239/) (2024)
- [Robust Deep Learning for Myocardial Scar Segmentation in Cardiac MRI with Noisy Labels](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2506.21151/) (2025)
- [CaRe-CNN: Cascading Refinement CNN for Myocardial Infarct Segmentation with Microvascular Obstructions](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2312.11315/) (2023)
- [Foundation Model for Whole-Heart Segmentation: Leveraging Student-Teacher Learning in Multi-Modal Medical Imaging](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2503.19005/) (2025)
- [CLAIM: Clinically-Guided LGE Augmentation for Realistic and Diverse Myocardial Scar Synthesis and Segmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2506.15549/) (2025)
- [Error correcting 2D-3D cascaded network for myocardial infarct scar segmentation on late gadolinium enhancement cardiac magnetic resonance images](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2306.14725/) (2023)
- [Fake It Till You Make It: Using Synthetic Data and Domain Knowledge for Improved Text-Based Learning for LGE Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2502.12948/) (2025)
- [Universality Reconsidered: Rethinking the Validation of Foundation Models for General-Purpose 3D Medical Segmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2602.07643/) (2026)
- [Mind the Context: Attention-Guided Weak-to-Strong Consistency for Enhanced Semi-Supervised Medical Image Segmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2410.12419/) (2024)
- [Deep Learning Pipeline for Fully Automated Myocardial Infarct Segmentation from Clinical Cardiac MR Scans](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2502.03272/) (2025)
- [LGESynthNet: Controlled Scar Synthesis for Improved Scar Segmentation in Cardiac LGE-MRI Imaging](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2603.18356/) (2026)
- [SemiSAM-O1: Pushing the Boundary of Annotation-Efficient Medical Image Segmentation with Generalist Knowledge Fusion](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2604.24109/) (2026)
- [ORION-CMR: On-scanner Reporting with Integrated Foundation Model for End-to-End Cardiac MRI Analysis and Interpretation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2609.23950/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

A key factor for assessing the state of the heart after myocardial infarction (MI) is to measure whether the myocardium segment is viable after reperfusion or revascularization therapy. Delayed enhancement-MRI or DE-MRI, which is performed several minutes after injection of the contrast agent, provides high contrast between viable and nonviable myocardium and is therefore a method of choice to evaluate the extent of MI. To automatically assess myocardial status, the results of the EMIDEC challenge that focused on this task are presented in this paper. The challenge's main objectives were twofold. First, to evaluate if deep learning methods can distinguish between normal and pathological cases. Second, to automatically calculate the extent of myocardial infarction. The publicly available database consists of 150 exams divided into 50 cases with normal MRI after injection of a contrast agent and 100 cases with myocardial infarction (and then with a hyperenhanced area on DE-MRI), whatever their inclusion in the cardiac emergency department. Along with MRI, clinical characteristics are also provided. The obtained results issued from several works show that the automatic classification of an exam is a reachable task (the best method providing an accuracy of 0.92), and the automatic segmentation of the myocardium is possible. However, the segmentation of the diseased area needs to be improved, mainly due to the small size of these areas and the lack of contrast with the surrounding structures.