# Auxiliary Class Based Multiple Choice Learning

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2108.02949 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2108.02949/

## Key facts

- No citing papers in the map yet (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 16 of its 27 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 6 Aug 2021.

## Builds on (most cited first, 16 of 16)

- [Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognition](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1512.03385/) (2015)
- [Very Deep Convolutional Networks for Large-Scale Image Recognition](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1409.1556/) (2014)
- [Distilling the Knowledge in a Neural Network](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1503.02531/) (2015)
- [Grad-CAM: Visual Explanations from Deep Networks via Gradient-based Localization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1610.02391/) (2016)
- [Fully Convolutional Networks for Semantic Segmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1411.4038/) (2014)
- [MobileNetV2: Inverted Residuals and Linear Bottlenecks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1801.04381/) (2018)
- [Going Deeper with Convolutions](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1409.4842/) (2014)
- [CBAM: Convolutional Block Attention Module](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1807.06521/) (2018)
- [Unsupervised Representation Learning with Deep Convolutional Generative Adversarial Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1511.06434/) (2015)
- [Identity Mappings in Deep Residual Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1603.05027/) (2016)
- [How transferable are features in deep neural networks?](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1411.1792/) (2014)
- [Knowledge Distillation by On-the-Fly Native Ensemble](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1806.04606/) (2018)
- [Stochastic Multiple Choice Learning for Training Diverse Deep Ensembles](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1606.07839/) (2016)
- [Confident Multiple Choice Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1706.03475/) (2017)
- [Efficient Facial Feature Learning with Wide Ensemble-based Convolutional Neural Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2001.06338/) (2020)
- [A New Ensemble Learning Framework for 3D Biomedical Image Segmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1812.03945/) (2018)

## Abstract (arXiv)

The merit of ensemble learning lies in having different outputs from many individual models on a single input, i.e., the diversity of the base models. The high quality of diversity can be achieved when each model is specialized to different subsets of the whole dataset. Moreover, when each model explicitly knows to which subsets it is specialized, more opportunities arise to improve diversity. In this paper, we propose an advanced ensemble method, called Auxiliary class based Multiple Choice Learning (AMCL), to ultimately specialize each model under the framework of multiple choice learning (MCL). The advancement of AMCL is originated from three novel techniques which control the framework from different directions: 1) the concept of auxiliary class to provide more distinct information through the labels, 2) the strategy, named memory-based assignment, to determine the association between the inputs and the models, and 3) the feature fusion module to achieve generalized features. To demonstrate the performance of our method compared to all variants of MCL methods, we conduct extensive experiments on the image classification and segmentation tasks. Overall, the performance of AMCL exceeds all others in most of the public datasets trained with various networks as members of the ensembles.