# Ab-initio experimental violation of Bell inequalities

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2108.00574 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2108.00574/

## Key facts

- No citing papers in the map yet (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 7 of its 72 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 2 Aug 2021.

## Builds on (most cited first, 7 of 7)

- [Machine learning & artificial intelligence in the quantum domain](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1709.02779/) (2017)
- [Machine learning for long-distance quantum communication](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1904.10797/) (2019)
- [A neural network oracle for quantum nonlocality problems in networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1907.10552/) (2019)
- [Beyond Bell's Theorem II: Scenarios with arbitrary causal structure](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1404.4812/) (2014)
- [Machine learning non-local correlations](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1808.07069/) (2018)
- [Fast semidefinite programming with feedforward neural networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2011.05785/) (2020)
- [Setting up experimental Bell test with reinforcement learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2005.01697/) (2020)

## Abstract (arXiv)

The violation of a Bell inequality is the paradigmatic example of device-independent quantum information: the nonclassicality of the data is certified without the knowledge of the functioning of devices. In practice, however, all Bell experiments rely on the precise understanding of the underlying physical mechanisms. Given that, it is natural to ask: Can one witness nonclassical behaviour in a truly black-box scenario? Here we propose and implement, computationally and experimentally, a solution to this ab-initio task. It exploits a robust automated optimization approach based on the Stochastic Nelder-Mead algorithm. Treating preparation and measurement devices as black-boxes, and relying on the observed statistics only, our adaptive protocol approaches the optimal Bell inequality violation after a limited number of iterations for a variety photonic states, measurement responses and Bell scenarios. In particular, we exploit it for randomness certification from unknown states and measurements. Our results demonstrate the power of automated algorithms, opening a new venue for the experimental implementation of device-independent quantum technologies.