# Wordcraft: a Human-AI Collaborative Editor for Story Writing

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2107.07430 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2107.07430/

## Key facts

- Cited by 41 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 9 of its 33 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 15 Jul 2021.

## Builds on (most cited first, 9 of 9)

- [Language Models are Few-Shot Learners](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2005.14165/) (2020)
- [Prefix-Tuning: Optimizing Continuous Prompts for Generation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2101.00190/) (2021)
- [Extracting Training Data from Large Language Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2012.07805/) (2020)
- [Hierarchical Neural Story Generation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1805.04833/) (2018)
- [CTRL: A Conditional Transformer Language Model for Controllable Generation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1909.05858/) (2019)
- [Towards a Human-like Open-Domain Chatbot](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2001.09977/) (2020)
- [BOLD: Dataset and Metrics for Measuring Biases in Open-Ended Language Generation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2101.11718/) (2021)
- [Learning to Speak and Act in a Fantasy Text Adventure Game](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1903.03094/) (2019)
- [Story Realization: Expanding Plot Events into Sentences](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1909.03480/) (2019)

## Built on by (most cited first, 30 of 41)

- [Emergent Abilities of Large Language Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2206.07682/) (2022)
- [CoAuthor: Designing a Human-AI Collaborative Writing Dataset for Exploring Language Model Capabilities](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2201.06796/) (2022)
- [Re3: Generating Longer Stories With Recursive Reprompting and Revision](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2210.06774/) (2022)
- [ADaPT: As-Needed Decomposition and Planning with Language Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2311.05772/) (2023)
- [RecurrentGPT: Interactive Generation of (Arbitrarily) Long Text](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2305.13304/) (2023)
- [Sparks: Inspiration for Science Writing using Language Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2110.07640/) (2021)
- [Help me write a poem: Instruction Tuning as a Vehicle for Collaborative Poetry Writing](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2210.13669/) (2022)
- [Creative Writing with an AI-Powered Writing Assistant: Perspectives from Professional Writers](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2211.05030/) (2022)
- [Tutor CoPilot: A Human-AI Approach for Scaling Real-Time Expertise](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2410.03017/) (2024)
- [Read, Revise, Repeat: A System Demonstration for Human-in-the-loop Iterative Text Revision](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2204.03685/) (2022)
- [VISAR: A Human-AI Argumentative Writing Assistant with Visual Programming and Rapid Draft Prototyping](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2304.07810/) (2023)
- [Beyond the Chat: Executable and Verifiable Text-Editing with LLMs](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2309.15337/) (2023)
- [ConvXAI: Delivering Heterogeneous AI Explanations via Conversations to Support Human-AI Scientific Writing](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2305.09770/) (2023)
- [Language Models can Self-Lengthen to Generate Long Texts](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2410.23933/) (2024)
- [CALYPSO: LLMs as Dungeon Masters' Assistants](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2308.07540/) (2023)
- [Effective Human-AI Teams via Learned Natural Language Rules and Onboarding](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2311.01007/) (2023)
- [HSR-Enhanced Sparse Attention Acceleration](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2410.10165/) (2024)
- [CAOTE: KV Cache Selection for LLMs via Attention Output Error-Based Token Eviction](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2504.14051/) (2025)
- [Machine-in-the-Loop Rewriting for Creative Image Captioning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2111.04193/) (2021)
- [SWAG: Storytelling With Action Guidance](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2402.03483/) (2024)
- [Suggestion Lists vs. Continuous Generation: Interaction Design for Writing with Generative Models on Mobile Devices Affect Text Length, Wording and Perceived Authorship](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2208.00870/) (2022)
- [End-to-end Story Plot Generator](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2310.08796/) (2023)
- [TwIPS: A Large Language Model Powered Texting Application to Simplify Conversational Nuances for Autistic Users](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2407.17760/) (2024)
- [Modifying AI, Enhancing Essays: How Active Engagement with Generative AI Boosts Writing Quality](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2412.07200/) (2024)
- [MenuCraft: Interactive Menu System Design with Large Language Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2303.04496/) (2023)
- [Automatic and Human-AI Interactive Text Generation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2310.03878/) (2023)
- [Phraselette: A Poet's Procedural Palette](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2503.06335/) (2025)
- [StorySage: Conversational Autobiography Writing Powered by a Multi-Agent Framework](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2506.14159/) (2025)
- [DetectRL-X: Towards Reliable Multilingual and Real-World LLM-Generated Text Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2605.15518/) (2026)
- [The Case for a Single Model that can Both Generate Continuations and Fill in the Blank](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2206.04812/) (2022)

## Abstract (arXiv)

As neural language models grow in effectiveness, they are increasingly being applied in real-world settings. However these applications tend to be limited in the modes of interaction they support. In this extended abstract, we propose Wordcraft, an AI-assisted editor for story writing in which a writer and a dialog system collaborate to write a story. Our novel interface uses few-shot learning and the natural affordances of conversation to support a variety of interactions. Our editor provides a sandbox for writers to probe the boundaries of transformer-based language models and paves the way for future human-in-the-loop training pipelines and novel evaluation methods.