# Lemmatization of Historical Old Literary Finnish Texts in Modern Orthography

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2107.03266 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2107.03266/

## Key facts

- Cited by 5 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 9 of its 37 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 7 Jul 2021.

## Builds on (most cited first, 9 of 9)

- [Effective Approaches to Attention-based Neural Machine Translation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1508.04025/) (2015)
- [OpenNMT: Open-source Toolkit for Neural Machine Translation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1709.03815/) (2017)
- [A Large-Scale Comparison of Historical Text Normalization Systems](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1904.02036/) (2019)
- [Let's FACE it. Finnish Poetry Generation with Aesthetics and Framing](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1910.13946/) (2019)
- [An Unsupervised method for OCR Post-Correction and Spelling Normalisation for Finnish](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2011.03502/) (2020)
- [Improving historical spelling normalization with bi-directional LSTMs and multi-task learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1610.07844/) (2016)
- [Normalization of Transliterated Words in Code-Mixed Data Using Seq2Seq Model & Levenshtein Distance](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1805.08701/) (2018)
- [To Normalize, or Not to Normalize: The Impact of Normalization on Part-of-Speech Tagging](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1707.05116/) (2017)
- [From Plenipotentiary to Puddingless: Users and Uses of New Words in Early English Letters](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2103.09926/) (2021)

## Built on by (most cited first, 5 of 5)

- [Dialectal Toxicity Detection: Evaluating LLM-as-a-Judge Consistency Across Language Varieties](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2411.10954/) (2024)
- [Finnish Dialect Identification: The Effect of Audio and Text](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2111.03800/) (2021)
- [Multilingual Event Extraction from Historical Newspaper Adverts](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2305.10928/) (2023)
- [Processing M.A. Castr'en's Materials: Multilingual Typed and Handwritten Manuscripts](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2112.14153/) (2021)
- [Affect as a proxy for literary mood](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2304.02894/) (2023)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Texts written in Old Literary Finnish represent the first literary work ever written in Finnish starting from the 16th century. There have been several projects in Finland that have digitized old publications and made them available for research use. However, using modern NLP methods in such data poses great challenges. In this paper we propose an approach for simultaneously normalizing and lemmatizing Old Literary Finnish into modern spelling. Our best model reaches to 96.3% accuracy in texts written by Agricola and 87.7% accuracy in other contemporary out-of-domain text. Our method has been made freely available on Zenodo and Github.