# Impact of Channel Aging on Zero-Forcing Precoding in Cell-Free Massive MIMO Systems

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2107.01404 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2107.01404/

## Key facts

- Cited by 1 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- First posted on arXiv 3 Jul 2021.

## Built on by (most cited first, 1 of 1)

- [Handoff Design in User-Centric Cell-Free Massive MIMO Networks Using DRL](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2507.20966/) (2025)

## Abstract (arXiv)

In the context of cell-free massive multi-input multi-output (mMIMO), zero-forcing precoding (ZFP) requires the exchange of instantaneous channel state information and precoded data symbols via a fronthaul network. It causes considerable propagation and processing delays, which degrade performance. This letter analyzes the impact of channel aging on the performance of ZFP in cell-free mMIMO. The aging effects of not only user mobility but also phase noise are considered. Numerical results in terms of per-user spectral efficiency are illustrated.