# Rise of the Autonomous Machines

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2106.13987 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2106.13987/

## Key facts

- Cited by 3 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 8 of its 20 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 26 Jun 2021.

## Builds on (most cited first, 8 of 8)

- [Deep Reinforcement Learning for Autonomous Driving: A Survey](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2002.00444/) (2020)
- [The Matter of Time -- A General and Efficient System for Precise Sensor Synchronization in Robotic Computing](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2103.16045/) (2021)
- [Eudoxus: Characterizing and Accelerating Localization in Autonomous Machines](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2012.01353/) (2020)
- [Teaching Autonomous Driving Using a Modular and Integrated Approach](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1802.09355/) (2018)
- [Autonomous Last-mile Delivery Vehicles in Complex Traffic Environments](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2001.08096/) (2020)
- [Engineering Education in the Age of Autonomous Machines](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2102.07900/) (2021)
- [iELAS: An ELAS-Based Energy-Efficient Accelerator for Real-Time Stereo Matching on FPGA Platform](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2104.05112/) (2021)
- [Towards Fully Intelligent Transportation through Infrastructure-Vehicle Cooperative Autonomous Driving: Challenges and Opportunities](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2103.02176/) (2021)

## Built on by (most cited first, 3 of 3)

- [Autonomy 2.0: The Quest for Economies of Scale](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2307.03973/) (2023)
- [Data Standards for Humanoid Robotics: The Missing Infrastructure for Physical AI](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2606.19769/) (2026)
- [Dataflow Accelerator Architecture for Autonomous Machine Computing](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2109.07047/) (2021)

## Abstract (arXiv)

After decades of uninterrupted progress and growth, information technology has so evolved that it can be said we are entering the age of autonomous machines, but there exist many roadblocks in the way of making this a reality. In this article, we make a preliminary attempt at recognizing and categorizing the technical and non-technical challenges of autonomous machines; for each of the ten areas we have identified, we review current status, roadblocks, and potential research directions. It is hoped that this will help the community define clear, effective, and more formal development goalposts for the future.