# Real-World Evaluation of the Impact of Automated Driving System Technology on Driver Gaze Behavior, Reaction Time and Trust

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2106.07234 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2106.07234/

## Key facts

- Cited by 1 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- First posted on arXiv 14 Jun 2021.

## Built on by (most cited first, 1 of 1)

- [The Era of End-to-End Autonomy: Transitioning from Rule-Based Driving to Large Driving Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2603.16050/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Recent developments in advanced driving assistance systems (ADAS) that rely on some level of autonomy have led the automobile industry and research community to investigate the impact they might have on driving performance. However, most of the research performed so far is based on simulated environments. In this study, we investigated the behavior of drivers in a vehicle with automated driving system (ADS) capabilities in a real-life driving scenario. We analyzed their response to a take over request (TOR) at two different driving speeds while being engaged in non-driving-related tasks (NDRT). Results from the performed experiments showed that driver reaction time to a TOR, gaze behavior and self-reported trust in automation were affected by the type of NDRT being concurrently performed and driver reaction time and gaze behavior additionally depended on the driving or vehicle speed at the time of TOR.