# Classification algorithms applied to structure formation simulations

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2106.06587 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2106.06587/

## Key facts

- Cited by 2 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 5 of its 37 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 11 Jun 2021.

## Builds on (most cited first, 5 of 5)

- [Understanding Random Forests: From Theory to Practice](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1407.7502/) (2014)
- [AI-assisted super-resolution cosmological simulations](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2010.06608/) (2020)
- [Cosmological N-body simulations: a challenge for scalable generative models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1908.05519/) (2019)
- [AI-assisted super-resolution cosmological simulations II: Halo substructures, velocities and higher order statistics](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2105.01016/) (2021)
- [Machine Learning Etudes in Astrophysics: Selection Functions for Mock Cluster Catalogs](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1409.1576/) (2014)

## Built on by (most cited first, 2 of 2)

- [Applications of AI in Astronomy](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2212.01493/) (2022)
- [Segmenting proto-halos with vision transformers](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2508.00049/) (2025)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Throughout cosmological simulations, the properties of the matter density field in the initial conditions have a decisive impact on the features of the structures formed today. In this paper we use a random-forest classification algorithm to infer whether or not dark matter particles, traced back to the initial conditions, would end up in dark matter halos whose masses are above some threshold. This problem might be posed as a binary classification task, where the initial conditions of the matter density field are mapped into classification labels provided by a halo finder program. Our results show that random forests are effective tools to predict the output of cosmological simulations without running the full process. These techniques might be used in the future to decrease the computational time and to explore more efficiently the effect of different dark matter/dark energy candidates on the formation of cosmological structures.