# A Falta de Pan, Buenas Son Tortas: The Efficacy of Predicted UPOS Tags for Low Resource UD Parsing

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2106.04222 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2106.04222/

## Key facts

- Cited by 5 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 6 of its 22 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 8 Jun 2021.

## Builds on (most cited first, 6 of 6)

- [Deep Biaffine Attention for Neural Dependency Parsing](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1611.01734/) (2016)
- [Improved Transition-Based Parsing by Modeling Characters instead of Words with LSTMs](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1508.00657/) (2015)
- [An Investigation of the Interactions Between Pre-Trained Word Embeddings, Character Models and POS Tags in Dependency Parsing](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1808.09060/) (2018)
- [Is POS Tagging Necessary or Even Helpful for Neural Dependency Parsing?](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2003.03204/) (2020)
- [Weakly Supervised POS Taggers Perform Poorly on Truly Low-Resource Languages](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2004.13305/) (2020)
- [On the Frailty of Universal POS Tags for Neural UD Parsers](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2010.01830/) (2020)

## Built on by (most cited first, 5 of 5)

- [4 and 7-bit Labeling for Projective and Non-Projective Dependency Trees](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2310.14319/) (2023)
- [Parsing linearizations appreciate PoS tags - but some are fussy about errors](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2210.15219/) (2022)
- [Unveiling Factors for Enhanced POS Tagging: A Study of Low-Resource Medieval Romance Languages](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2506.17715/) (2025)
- [The Fragility of Multi-Treebank Parsing Evaluation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2209.06699/) (2022)
- [Another Dead End for Morphological Tags? Perturbed Inputs and Parsing](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2305.15119/) (2023)

## Abstract (arXiv)

We evaluate the efficacy of predicted UPOS tags as input features for dependency parsers in lower resource settings to evaluate how treebank size affects the impact tagging accuracy has on parsing performance. We do this for real low resource universal dependency treebanks, artificially low resource data with varying treebank sizes, and for very small treebanks with varying amounts of augmented data. We find that predicted UPOS tags are somewhat helpful for low resource treebanks, especially when fewer fully-annotated trees are available. We also find that this positive impact diminishes as the amount of data increases.