# User-centric Handover in mmWave Cell-Free Massive MIMO with User Mobility

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2105.09041 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2105.09041/

## Key facts

- Cited by 2 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- First posted on arXiv 19 May 2021.

## Built on by (most cited first, 2 of 2)

- [Programmable and Customized Intelligence for Traffic Steering in 5G Networks Using Open RAN Architectures](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2209.14171/) (2022)
- [Handoff Design in User-Centric Cell-Free Massive MIMO Networks Using DRL](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2507.20966/) (2025)

## Abstract (arXiv)

The coupling between cell-free massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems operating at millimeter-wave (mmWave) carrier frequencies and user mobility is considered in this paper. First of all, a mmWave channel is introduced taking into account the user mobility and the impact of the channel aging. Then, three beamforming techniques are proposed in the considered scenario, along with a dynamic user association technique (handover): starting from a user-centric association between each mobile device and a cluster of access points (APs), a rule for updating the APs cluster is formulated and analyzed. Numerical results reveal that the proposed beamforming and user association techniques are effective in the considered scenario.