# Arrested phase separation in double-exchange models: machine-learning enabled large-scale simulation

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2105.08221 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2105.08221/

## Key facts

- Cited by 5 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 3 of its 87 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 18 May 2021.

## Builds on (most cited first, 3 of 3)

- [PyTorch: An Imperative Style, High-Performance Deep Learning Library](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1912.01703/) (2019)
- [Deep Potential Molecular Dynamics: a scalable model with the accuracy of quantum mechanics](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1707.09571/) (2017)
- [Machine learning electron correlation in a disordered medium](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1810.02323/) (2018)

## Built on by (most cited first, 5 of 5)

- [Anomalous phase separation dynamics in a correlated electron system: machine-learning enabled large-scale kinetic Monte Carlo simulations](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2105.13304/) (2021)
- [Machine learning predictions for local electronic properties of disordered correlated electron systems](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2204.05967/) (2022)
- [Machine-learning force-field models for dynamical simulations of metallic magnets](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2602.18213/) (2026)
- [Graph neural network force fields for adiabatic dynamics of lattice Hamiltonians](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2603.02039/) (2026)
- [Machine-learning modeling of magnetization dynamics in quasi-equilibrium and driven metallic spin systems](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2604.11513/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

We present large-scale dynamical simulations of electronic phase separation in the single-band double-exchange model based on deep-learning neural-network potentials trained from small-size exact diagonalization solutions. We uncover an intriguing correlation-induced freezing behavior as doped holes are segregated from half-filled insulating background during equilibration. While the aggregation of holes is stabilized by the formation of ferromagnetic clusters through Hund's coupling between charge carriers and local magnetic moments, this stabilization also creates confining potentials for holes when antiferromagnetic spin-spin correlation is well developed in the background. The dramatically reduced mobility of the self-trapped holes prematurely disrupts further growth of the ferromagnetic clusters, leading to an arrested phase separation. Implications of our findings for phase separation dynamics in materials that exhibit colossal magnetoresistance effect are discussed.