# UniGNN: a Unified Framework for Graph and Hypergraph Neural Networks

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2105.00956 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2105.00956/

## Key facts

- Cited by 130 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 14 of its 30 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 3 May 2021.

## Builds on (most cited first, 14 of 14)

- [Semi-Supervised Classification with Graph Convolutional Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1609.02907/) (2016)
- [Graph Attention Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1710.10903/) (2017)
- [Inductive Representation Learning on Large Graphs](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1706.02216/) (2017)
- [How Powerful are Graph Neural Networks?](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1810.00826/) (2018)
- [Weisfeiler and Leman Go Neural: Higher-order Graph Neural Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1810.02244/) (2018)
- [Representation Learning on Graphs with Jumping Knowledge Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1806.03536/) (2018)
- [Simple and Deep Graph Convolutional Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2007.02133/) (2020)
- [Link Prediction Based on Graph Neural Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1802.09691/) (2018)
- [Hypergraph Neural Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1809.09401/) (2018)
- [Hypergraph Convolution and Hypergraph Attention](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1901.08150/) (2019)
- [Towards Deeper Graph Neural Networks with Differentiable Group Normalization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2006.06972/) (2020)
- [Self-Supervised Hypergraph Convolutional Networks for Session-based Recommendation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2012.06852/) (2020)
- [HyperSAGE: Generalizing Inductive Representation Learning on Hypergraphs](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2010.04558/) (2020)
- [Graph Cross Networks with Vertex Infomax Pooling](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2010.01804/) (2020)

## Built on by (most cited first, 30 of 130)

- [You are AllSet: A Multiset Function Framework for Hypergraph Neural Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2106.13264/) (2021)
- [Position: Topological Deep Learning is the New Frontier for Relational Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2402.08871/) (2024)
- [Message passing all the way up](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2202.11097/) (2022)
- [Equivariant Hypergraph Diffusion Neural Operators](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2207.06680/) (2022)
- [Architectures of Topological Deep Learning: A Survey of Message-Passing Topological Neural Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2304.10031/) (2023)
- [Sheaf Hypergraph Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2309.17116/) (2023)
- [Augmentations in Hypergraph Contrastive Learning: Fabricated and Generative](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2210.03801/) (2022)
- [TopoBench: A Framework for Benchmarking Topological Deep Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2406.06642/) (2024)
- [A Survey on Hypergraph Neural Networks: An In-Depth and Step-By-Step Guide](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2404.01039/) (2024)
- [Exposition on over-squashing problem on GNNs: Current Methods, Benchmarks and Challenges](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2311.07073/) (2023)
- [I'm Me, We're Us, and I'm Us: Tri-directional Contrastive Learning on Hypergraphs](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2206.04739/) (2022)
- [From Hypergraph Energy Functions to Hypergraph Neural Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2306.09623/) (2023)
- [Learnable Hypergraph Laplacian for Hypergraph Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2106.05701/) (2021)
- [Hypergraph Convolutional Networks via Equivalency between Hypergraphs and Undirected Graphs](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2203.16939/) (2022)
- [HypeBoy: Generative Self-Supervised Representation Learning on Hypergraphs](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2404.00638/) (2024)
- [Hypergraph Neural Networks through the Lens of Message Passing: A Common Perspective to Homophily and Architecture Design](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2310.07684/) (2023)
- [Equivariant Hypergraph Neural Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2208.10428/) (2022)
- [Classification of Edge-dependent Labels of Nodes in Hypergraphs](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2306.03032/) (2023)
- [HEAT: Hyperedge Attention Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2201.12113/) (2022)
- [Ollivier-Ricci Curvature for Hypergraphs: A Unified Framework](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2210.12048/) (2022)
- [Weisfeiler and Lehman Go Paths: Learning Topological Features via Path Complexes](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2308.06838/) (2023)
- [Joint Entity and Relation Extraction with Span Pruning and Hypergraph Neural Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2310.17238/) (2023)
- [Adaptive Neural Message Passing for Inductive Learning on Hypergraphs](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2109.10683/) (2021)
- [EvolveHypergraph: Group-Aware Dynamic Relational Reasoning for Trajectory Prediction](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2208.05470/) (2022)
- [De Bruijn goes Neural: Causality-Aware Graph Neural Networks for Time Series Data on Dynamic Graphs](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2209.08311/) (2022)
- [A Hypergraph Neural Network Framework for Learning Hyperedge-Dependent Node Embeddings](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2212.14077/) (2022)
- [Deep Hypergraph Structure Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2208.12547/) (2022)
- [ICML 2023 Topological Deep Learning Challenge : Design and Results](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2309.15188/) (2023)
- [Hypergraph Transformer for Semi-Supervised Classification](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2312.11385/) (2023)
- [Training-Free Message Passing for Learning on Hypergraphs](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2402.05569/) (2024)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Hypergraph, an expressive structure with flexibility to model the higher-order correlations among entities, has recently attracted increasing attention from various research domains. Despite the success of Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) for graph representation learning, how to adapt the powerful GNN-variants directly into hypergraphs remains a challenging problem. In this paper, we propose UniGNN, a unified framework for interpreting the message passing process in graph and hypergraph neural networks, which can generalize general GNN models into hypergraphs. In this framework, meticulously-designed architectures aiming to deepen GNNs can also be incorporated into hypergraphs with the least effort. Extensive experiments have been conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of UniGNN on multiple real-world datasets, which outperform the state-of-the-art approaches with a large margin. Especially for the DBLP dataset, we increase the accuracy from 77.4% to 88.8% in the semi-supervised hypernode classification task. We further prove that the proposed message-passing based UniGNN models are at most as powerful as the 1-dimensional Generalized Weisfeiler-Leman (1-GWL) algorithm in terms of distinguishing non-isomorphic hypergraphs. Our code is available at urlhttps://github.com/OneForward/UniGNN.