# Sexism detection: The first corpus in Algerian dialect with a code-switching in Arabic/ French and English

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2104.01443 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2104.01443/

## Key facts

- Cited by 5 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 14 of its 63 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 3 Apr 2021.

## Builds on (most cited first, 14 of 14)

- [Efficient Estimation of Word Representations in Vector Space](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1301.3781/) (2013)
- [Bag of Tricks for Efficient Text Classification](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1607.01759/) (2016)
- [Automated Hate Speech Detection and the Problem of Offensive Language](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1703.04009/) (2017)
- [Learning Word Vectors for 157 Languages](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1802.06893/) (2018)
- [One-step and Two-step Classification for Abusive Language Detection on Twitter](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1706.01206/) (2017)
- [Hate Speech Detection: A Solved Problem? The Challenging Case of Long Tail on Twitter](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1803.03662/) (2018)
- [Automatic Detection of Cyberbullying in Social Media Text](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1801.05617/) (2018)
- [Arabic natural language processing: An overview](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1903.02784/) (2019)
- [Arabizi Detection and Conversion to Arabic](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1306.6755/) (2013)
- [Cyberbullying Detection in Social Networks Using Deep Learning Based Models; A Reproducibility Study](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1812.08046/) (2018)
- [Predictive Embeddings for Hate Speech Detection on Twitter](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1809.10644/) (2018)
- [SentiALG: Automated Corpus Annotation for Algerian Sentiment Analysis](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1808.05079/) (2018)
- [Hateminers : Detecting Hate speech against Women](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1812.06700/) (2018)
- [Automatic Detection of Online Jihadist Hate Speech](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1803.04596/) (2018)

## Built on by (most cited first, 5 of 5)

- [DziriBERT: a Pre-trained Language Model for the Algerian Dialect](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2109.12346/) (2021)
- [A Survey of Code-switched Arabic NLP: Progress, Challenges, and Future Directions](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2501.13419/) (2025)
- [Offensive Language Detection in Under-resourced Algerian Dialectal Arabic Language](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2203.10024/) (2022)
- [Hate speech detection in algerian dialect using deep learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2309.11611/) (2023)
- [FAD-SA-GRU: Enhancing Hate Speech Detection in Algerian Dialect Through Feature-Augmented Self-Attention GRU Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2607.11279/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

In this paper, an approach for hate speech detection against women in Arabic community on social media (e.g. Youtube) is proposed. In the literature, similar works have been presented for other languages such as English. However, to the best of our knowledge, not much work has been conducted in the Arabic language. A new hate speech corpus (Arabicfren) is developed using three different annotators. For corpus validation, three different machine learning algorithms are used, including deep Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), long short-term memory (LSTM) network and Bi-directional LSTM (Bi-LSTM) network. Simulation results demonstrate the best performance of the CNN model, which achieved F1-score up to 86% for the unbalanced corpus as compared to LSTM and Bi-LSTM.