# Augmenting Poetry Composition with Verse by Verse

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2103.17205 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2103.17205/

## Key facts

- Cited by 5 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 9 of its 24 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 31 Mar 2021.

## Builds on (most cited first, 9 of 9)

- [Attention Is All You Need](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1706.03762/) (2017)
- [SentencePiece: A simple and language independent subword tokenizer and detokenizer for Neural Text Processing](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1808.06226/) (2018)
- [Efficient Natural Language Response Suggestion for Smart Reply](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1705.00652/) (2017)
- [Investigating Societal Biases in a Poetry Composition System](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2011.02686/) (2020)
- [TextSETTR: Few-Shot Text Style Extraction and Tunable Targeted Restyling](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2010.03802/) (2020)
- [Deep-speare: A Joint Neural Model of Poetic Language, Meter and Rhyme](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1807.03491/) (2018)
- [Quantization based Fast Inner Product Search](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1509.01469/) (2015)
- [DopeLearning: A Computational Approach to Rap Lyrics Generation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1505.04771/) (2015)
- [GPT-based Generation for Classical Chinese Poetry](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1907.00151/) (2019)

## Built on by (most cited first, 5 of 5)

- [Help me write a poem: Instruction Tuning as a Vehicle for Collaborative Poetry Writing](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2210.13669/) (2022)
- [Augmenting Operations Research with Auto-Formulation of Optimization Models from Problem Descriptions](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2209.15565/) (2022)
- [Don't Go Far Off: An Empirical Study on Neural Poetry Translation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2109.02972/) (2021)
- [LLM-based multi-agent poetry generation in non-cooperative environments](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2409.03659/) (2024)
- [A Perspective on Literary Metaphor in the Context of Generative AI](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2409.01053/) (2024)

## Abstract (arXiv)

We describe Verse by Verse, our experiment in augmenting the creative process of writing poetry with an AI. We have created a group of AI poets, styled after various American classic poets, that are able to offer as suggestions generated lines of verse while a user is composing a poem. In this paper, we describe the underlying system to offer these suggestions. This includes a generative model, which is tasked with generating a large corpus of lines of verse offline and which are then stored in an index, and a dual-encoder model that is tasked with recommending the next possible set of verses from our index given the previous line of verse.