# Near-field Perception for Low-Speed Vehicle Automation using Surround-view Fisheye Cameras

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2103.17001 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2103.17001/

## Key facts

- Cited by 24 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 53 of its 138 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 31 Mar 2021.

## Builds on (most cited first, 30 of 53)

- [Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognition](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1512.03385/) (2015)
- [Faster R-CNN: Towards Real-Time Object Detection with Region Proposal Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1506.01497/) (2015)
- [The Cityscapes Dataset for Semantic Urban Scene Understanding](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1604.01685/) (2016)
- [ORB-SLAM: a Versatile and Accurate Monocular SLAM System](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1502.00956/) (2015)
- [Unsupervised Learning of Depth and Ego-Motion from Video](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1704.07813/) (2017)
- [Deep Ordinal Regression Network for Monocular Depth Estimation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1806.02446/) (2018)
- [Predicting Depth, Surface Normals and Semantic Labels with a Common Multi-Scale Convolutional Architecture](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1411.4734/) (2014)
- [Spherical CNNs](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1801.10130/) (2018)
- [3D Packing for Self-Supervised Monocular Depth Estimation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1905.02693/) (2019)
- [A Survey of Autonomous Driving: Common Practices and Emerging Technologies](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1906.05113/) (2019)
- [ENet: A Deep Neural Network Architecture for Real-Time Semantic Segmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1606.02147/) (2016)
- [What Do Single-view 3D Reconstruction Networks Learn?](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1905.03678/) (2019)
- [GA-Net: Guided Aggregation Net for End-to-end Stereo Matching](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1904.06587/) (2019)
- [Back to the Feature: Learning Robust Camera Localization from Pixels to Pose](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2103.09213/) (2021)
- [DeepVO: Towards End-to-End Visual Odometry with Deep Recurrent Convolutional Neural Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1709.08429/) (2017)
- [Self-Driving Cars: A Survey](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1901.04407/) (2019)
- [WoodScape: A multi-task, multi-camera fisheye dataset for autonomous driving](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1905.01489/) (2019)
- [Deep Learning for Image and Point Cloud Fusion in Autonomous Driving: A Review](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2004.05224/) (2020)
- [Deep Learning in Video Multi-Object Tracking: A Survey](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1907.12740/) (2019)
- [Every Pixel Counts ++: Joint Learning of Geometry and Motion with 3D Holistic Understanding](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1810.06125/) (2018)
- [ViP-DeepLab: Learning Visual Perception with Depth-aware Video Panoptic Segmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2012.05258/) (2020)
- [How do neural networks see depth in single images?](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1905.07005/) (2019)
- [Explainability of deep vision-based autonomous driving systems: Review and challenges](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2101.05307/) (2021)
- [OmniDet: Surround View Cameras based Multi-task Visual Perception Network for Autonomous Driving](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2102.07448/) (2021)
- [The Double Sphere Camera Model](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1807.08957/) (2018)
- [SynDistNet: Self-Supervised Monocular Fisheye Camera Distance Estimation Synergized with Semantic Segmentation for Autonomous Driving](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2008.04017/) (2020)
- [Generalized Object Detection on Fisheye Cameras for Autonomous Driving: Dataset, Representations and Baseline](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2012.02124/) (2020)
- [FisheyeDistanceNet: Self-Supervised Scale-Aware Distance Estimation using Monocular Fisheye Camera for Autonomous Driving](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1910.04076/) (2019)
- [LoST? Appearance-Invariant Place Recognition for Opposite Viewpoints using Visual Semantics](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1804.05526/) (2018)
- [Dynamic Task Weighting Methods for Multi-task Networks in Autonomous Driving Systems](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2001.02223/) (2020)

## Built on by (most cited first, 24 of 24)

- [Review on Panoramic Imaging and Its Applications in Scene Understanding](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2205.05570/) (2022)
- [Surround-view Fisheye Camera Perception for Automated Driving: Overview, Survey and Challenges](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2205.13281/) (2022)
- [SynWoodScape: Synthetic Surround-view Fisheye Camera Dataset for Autonomous Driving](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2203.05056/) (2022)
- [Spatio-Contextual Deep Network Based Multimodal Pedestrian Detection For Autonomous Driving](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2105.12713/) (2021)
- [Emergent Visual Sensors for Autonomous Vehicles](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2205.09383/) (2022)
- [Panoramic Panoptic Segmentation: Insights Into Surrounding Parsing for Mobile Agents via Unsupervised Contrastive Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2206.10711/) (2022)
- [An Online Learning System for Wireless Charging Alignment using Surround-view Fisheye Cameras](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2105.12763/) (2021)
- [FishDreamer: Towards Fisheye Semantic Completion via Unified Image Outpainting and Segmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2303.13842/) (2023)
- [Woodscape Fisheye Object Detection for Autonomous Driving -- CVPR 2022 OmniCV Workshop Challenge](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2206.12912/) (2022)
- [BEVSeg2TP: Surround View Camera Bird's-Eye-View Based Joint Vehicle Segmentation and Ego Vehicle Trajectory Prediction](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2312.13081/) (2023)
- [Surround-View Fisheye Optics in Computer Vision and Simulation: Survey and Challenges](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2402.12041/) (2024)
- [FishBEV: Distortion-Resilient Bird's Eye View Segmentation with Surround-View Fisheye Cameras](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2509.13681/) (2025)
- [Rethinking Camera Choice: An Empirical Study on Fisheye Camera Properties in Robotic Manipulation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2603.02139/) (2026)
- [Fisheye Camera and Ultrasonic Sensor Fusion For Near-Field Obstacle Perception in Bird's-Eye-View](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2402.00637/) (2024)
- [DaF-BEVSeg: Distortion-aware Fisheye Camera based Bird's Eye View Segmentation with Occlusion Reasoning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2404.06352/) (2024)
- [FisheyeDetNet: 360deg Surround view Fisheye Camera based Object Detection System for Autonomous Driving](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2404.13443/) (2024)
- [2.5D Vehicle Odometry Estimation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2111.08398/) (2021)
- [Measuring Natural Scenes SFR of Automotive Fisheye Cameras](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2401.05232/) (2024)
- [UnShadowNet: Illumination Critic Guided Contrastive Learning For Shadow Removal](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2203.15441/) (2022)
- [Near Field iToF LIDAR Depth Improvement from Limited Number of Shots](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2304.07047/) (2023)
- [STRIDE: Street View-based Environmental Feature Detection and Pedestrian Collision Prediction](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2308.13183/) (2023)
- [WoodScape Motion Segmentation for Autonomous Driving -- CVPR 2023 OmniCV Workshop Challenge](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2401.00910/) (2023)
- [Neural Rendering based Urban Scene Reconstruction for Autonomous Driving](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2402.06826/) (2024)
- [Impact of Video Compression Artifacts on Fisheye Camera Visual Perception Tasks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2403.16338/) (2024)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Cameras are the primary sensor in automated driving systems. They provide high information density and are optimal for detecting road infrastructure cues laid out for human vision. Surround-view camera systems typically comprise of four fisheye cameras with 190deg+ field of view covering the entire 360deg around the vehicle focused on near-field sensing. They are the principal sensors for low-speed, high accuracy, and close-range sensing applications, such as automated parking, traffic jam assistance, and low-speed emergency braking. In this work, we provide a detailed survey of such vision systems, setting up the survey in the context of an architecture that can be decomposed into four modular components namely Recognition, Reconstruction, Relocalization, and Reorganization. We jointly call this the 4R Architecture. We discuss how each component accomplishes a specific aspect and provide a positional argument that they can be synergized to form a complete perception system for low-speed automation. We support this argument by presenting results from previous works and by presenting architecture proposals for such a system. Qualitative results are presented in the video at https://youtu.be/ae8bCOF77uY.