# NLP for Ghanaian Languages

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2103.15475 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2103.15475/

## Key facts

- Cited by 5 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 7 of its 37 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 29 Mar 2021.

## Builds on (most cited first, 7 of 7)

- [BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understanding](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1810.04805/) (2018)
- [RoBERTa: A Robustly Optimized BERT Pretraining Approach](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1907.11692/) (2019)
- [DistilBERT, a distilled version of BERT: smaller, faster, cheaper and lighter](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1910.01108/) (2019)
- [Enriching Word Vectors with Subword Information](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1607.04606/) (2016)
- [Participatory Research for Low-resourced Machine Translation: A Case Study in African Languages](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2010.02353/) (2020)
- [A Focus on Neural Machine Translation for African Languages](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1906.05685/) (2019)
- [Machine Translation Model based on Non-parallel Corpus and Semi-supervised Transductive Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1405.5654/) (2014)

## Built on by (most cited first, 5 of 5)

- [A Few Thousand Translations Go a Long Way! Leveraging Pre-trained Models for African News Translation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2205.02022/) (2022)
- [Bitext Mining Using Distilled Sentence Representations for Low-Resource Languages](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2205.12654/) (2022)
- [State of NLP in Kenya: A Survey](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2410.09948/) (2024)
- [English2Gbe: A multilingual machine translation model for {Fon/Ewe}Gbe](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2112.11482/) (2021)
- [Nsanku: Evaluating Zero-Shot Translation Performance of LLMs for Ghanaian Languages](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2605.04208/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

NLP Ghana is an open-source non-profit organization aiming to advance the development and adoption of state-of-the-art NLP techniques and digital language tools to Ghanaian languages and problems. In this paper, we first present the motivation and necessity for the efforts of the organization; by introducing some popular Ghanaian languages while presenting the state of NLP in Ghana. We then present the NLP Ghana organization and outline its aims, scope of work, some of the methods employed and contributions made thus far in the NLP community in Ghana.