# Adaptive Feature Fusion Network for Gaze Tracking in Mobile Tablets

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2103.11119 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2103.11119/

## Key facts

- Cited by 29 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 10 of its 42 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 20 Mar 2021.

## Builds on (most cited first, 10 of 10)

- [Squeeze-and-Excitation Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1709.01507/) (2017)
- [Eye Tracking for Everyone](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1606.05814/) (2016)
- [Appearance-Based Gaze Estimation in the Wild](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1504.02863/) (2015)
- [It's Written All Over Your Face: Full-Face Appearance-Based Gaze Estimation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1611.08860/) (2016)
- [MPIIGaze: Real-World Dataset and Deep Appearance-Based Gaze Estimation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1711.09017/) (2017)
- [A Coarse-to-Fine Adaptive Network for Appearance-Based Gaze Estimation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2001.00187/) (2020)
- [Salient Objects in Clutter: Bringing Salient Object Detection to the Foreground](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1803.06091/) (2018)
- [Appearance-Based Gaze Estimation Using Dilated-Convolutions](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1903.07296/) (2019)
- [Light-weight Head Pose Invariant Gaze Tracking](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1804.08572/) (2018)
- [A Generalized and Robust Method Towards Practical Gaze Estimation on Smart Phone](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1910.07331/) (2019)

## Built on by (most cited first, 29 of 29)

- [Appearance-based Gaze Estimation With Deep Learning: A Review and Benchmark](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2104.12668/) (2021)
- [Gaze Estimation using Transformer](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2105.14424/) (2021)
- [PureGaze: Purifying Gaze Feature for Generalizable Gaze Estimation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2103.13173/) (2021)
- [Automatic Gaze Analysis: A Survey of Deep Learning based Approaches](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2108.05479/) (2021)
- [GazeOnce: Real-Time Multi-Person Gaze Estimation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2204.09480/) (2022)
- [End-to-end Video Gaze Estimation via Capturing Head-face-eye Spatial-temporal Interaction Context](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2310.18131/) (2023)
- [An End-to-End Review of Gaze Estimation and its Interactive Applications on Handheld Mobile Devices](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2307.00122/) (2023)
- [EFE: End-to-end Frame-to-Gaze Estimation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2305.05526/) (2023)
- [Multi-Modal Gaze Following in Conversational Scenarios](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2311.05669/) (2023)
- [Quantifying the Impact of Motion on 2D Gaze Estimation in Real-World Mobile Interactions](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2502.10570/) (2025)
- [Toward Super-Resolution for Appearance-Based Gaze Estimation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2303.10151/) (2023)
- [TextGaze: Gaze-Controllable Face Generation with Natural Language](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2404.17486/) (2024)
- [3D Prior is All You Need: Cross-Task Few-shot 2D Gaze Estimation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2502.04074/) (2025)
- [MAC-Gaze: Motion-Aware Continual Calibration for Mobile Gaze Tracking](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2505.22769/) (2025)
- [PCFGaze: Physics-Consistent Feature for Appearance-based Gaze Estimation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2309.02165/) (2023)
- [Vulnerability of Appearance-based Gaze Estimation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2103.13134/) (2021)
- [Gaze Estimation Approach Using Deep Differential Residual Network](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2208.04298/) (2022)
- [Low-cost Geometry-based Eye Gaze Detection using Facial Landmarks Generated through Deep Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2401.00406/) (2023)
- [GazeShift: Unsupervised Gaze Estimation and Dataset for VR](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2603.07832/) (2026)
- [Accurate Gaze Estimation using an Active-gaze Morphable Model](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2301.13186/) (2023)
- [MAGE: A Multi-task Architecture for Gaze Estimation with an Efficient Calibration Module](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2505.16384/) (2025)
- [Camera-based implicit mind reading by capturing higher-order semantic dynamics of human gaze within environmental context](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2507.12889/) (2025)
- [Pose-Robust Calibration Strategy for Point-of-Gaze Estimation on Mobile Phones](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2508.10268/) (2025)
- [Learning Spatio-Temporal Feature Representations for Video-Based Gaze Estimation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2512.17673/) (2025)
- [GazeOnce360: Fisheye-Based 360deg Multi-Person Gaze Estimation with Global-Local Feature Fusion](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2603.17161/) (2026)
- [HiFiGaze: Improving Eye Tracking Accuracy Using Screen Content Knowledge](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2603.19588/) (2026)
- [Is Geometry Enough? An Evaluation of Landmark-Based Gaze Estimation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2603.24724/) (2026)
- [GMGaze: MoE-Based Context-Aware Gaze Estimation with CLIP and Multiscale Transformer](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2605.00799/) (2026)
- [SeetaPsych v1.0: An Open-source Computer Vision Toolkit for Behavior-based Psychological Measurement](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2609.19719/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Recently, many multi-stream gaze estimation methods have been proposed. They estimate gaze from eye and face appearances and achieve reasonable accuracy. However, most of the methods simply concatenate the features extracted from eye and face appearance. The feature fusion process has been ignored. In this paper, we propose a novel Adaptive Feature Fusion Network (AFF-Net), which performs gaze tracking task in mobile tablets. We stack two-eye feature maps and utilize Squeeze-and-Excitation layers to adaptively fuse two-eye features according to their similarity on appearance. Meanwhile, we also propose Adaptive Group Normalization to recalibrate eye features with the guidance of facial feature. Extensive experiments on both GazeCapture and MPIIFaceGaze datasets demonstrate consistently superior performance of the proposed method.