# Understanding the Complexity of Detecting Political Ads

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2103.00822 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2103.00822/

## Key facts

- Cited by 2 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- First posted on arXiv 1 Mar 2021.

## Built on by (most cited first, 2 of 2)

- [Moderating Model Marketplaces: Platform Governance Puzzles for AI Intermediaries](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2311.12573/) (2023)
- [Towards Detecting Persuasion on Social Media: From Model Development to Insights on Persuasion Strategies](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2503.13844/) (2025)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Online political advertising has grown significantly over the last few years. To monitor online sponsored political discourse, companies such as Facebook, Google, and Twitter have created public Ad Libraries collecting the political ads that run on their platforms. Currently, both policymakers and platforms are debating further restrictions on political advertising to deter misuses. This paper investigates whether we can reliably distinguish political ads from non-political ads. We take an empirical approach to analyze what kind of ads are deemed political by ordinary people and what kind of ads lead to disagreement. Our results show a significant disagreement between what ad platforms, ordinary people, and advertisers consider political and suggest that this disagreement mainly comes from diverging opinions on which ads address social issues. Overall our results imply that it is important to consider social issue ads as political, but they also complicate political advertising regulations.