# Over-sampling De-occlusion Attention Network for Prohibited Items Detection in Noisy X-ray Images

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2103.00809 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2103.00809/

## Key facts

- Cited by 4 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 18 of its 46 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 1 Mar 2021.

## Builds on (most cited first, 18 of 18)

- [Attention Is All You Need](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1706.03762/) (2017)
- [Very Deep Convolutional Networks for Large-Scale Image Recognition](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1409.1556/) (2014)
- [Grad-CAM: Visual Explanations from Deep Networks via Gradient-based Localization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1610.02391/) (2016)
- [You Only Look Once: Unified, Real-Time Object Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1506.02640/) (2015)
- [Squeeze-and-Excitation Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1709.01507/) (2017)
- [SSD: Single Shot MultiBox Detector](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1512.02325/) (2015)
- [YOLOv3: An Incremental Improvement](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1804.02767/) (2018)
- [Non-local Neural Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1711.07971/) (2017)
- [YOLOv4: Optimal Speed and Accuracy of Object Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2004.10934/) (2020)
- [FCOS: Fully Convolutional One-Stage Object Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1904.01355/) (2019)
- [YOLO9000: Better, Faster, Stronger](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1612.08242/) (2016)
- [Dual Attention Network for Scene Segmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1809.02983/) (2018)
- [Free-Form Image Inpainting with Gated Convolution](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1806.03589/) (2018)
- [SCA-CNN: Spatial and Channel-wise Attention in Convolutional Networks for Image Captioning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1611.05594/) (2016)
- [Forward and Backward Information Retention for Accurate Binary Neural Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1909.10788/) (2019)
- [SIXray : A Large-scale Security Inspection X-ray Benchmark for Prohibited Item Discovery in Overlapping Images](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1901.00303/) (2019)
- [Occluded Prohibited Items Detection: an X-ray Security Inspection Benchmark and De-occlusion Attention Module](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2004.08656/) (2020)
- [cmSalGAN: RGB-D Salient Object Detection with Cross-View Generative Adversarial Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1912.10280/) (2019)

## Built on by (most cited first, 4 of 4)

- [PIDray: A Large-scale X-ray Benchmark for Real-World Prohibited Item Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2211.10763/) (2022)
- [Unsupervised Anomaly Instance Segmentation for Baggage Threat Recognition](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2107.07333/) (2021)
- [Computer Vision on X-ray Data in Industrial Production and Security Applications: A Comprehensive Survey](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2211.05565/) (2022)
- [MMCL: Correcting Content Query Distributions for Improved Anti-Overlapping X-Ray Object Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2406.03176/) (2024)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Security inspection is X-ray scanning for personal belongings in suitcases, which is significantly important for the public security but highly time-consuming for human inspectors. Fortunately, deep learning has greatly promoted the development of computer vision, offering a possible way of automatic security inspection. However, items within a luggage are randomly overlapped resulting in noisy X-ray images with heavy occlusions. Thus, traditional CNN-based models trained through common image recognition datasets fail to achieve satisfactory performance in this scenario. To address these problems, we contribute the first high-quality prohibited X-ray object detection dataset named OPIXray, which contains 8885 X-ray images from 5 categories of the widely-occurred prohibited item ``cutters''. The images are gathered from an airport and these prohibited items are annotated manually by professional inspectors, which can be used as a benchmark for model training and further facilitate future research. To better improve occluded X-ray object detection, we further propose an over-sampling de-occlusion attention network (DOAM-O), which consists of a novel de-occlusion attention module and a new over-sampling training strategy. Specifically, our de-occlusion module, namely DOAM, simultaneously leverages the different appearance information of the prohibited items; the over-sampling training strategy forces the model to put more emphasis on these hard samples consisting these items of high occlusion levels, which is more suitable for this scenario. We comprehensively evaluated DOAM-O on the OPIXray dataset, which proves that our model can stably improve the performance of the famous detection models such as SSD, YOLOv3, and FCOS, and outperform many extensively-used attention mechanisms.