# Deep Learning based Channel Extrapolation for Large-Scale Antenna Systems: Opportunities, Challenges and Solutions

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2102.12859 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2102.12859/

## Key facts

- Cited by 5 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- First posted on arXiv 25 Feb 2021.

## Built on by (most cited first, 5 of 5)

- [Generative Diffusion Models for High Dimensional Channel Estimation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2408.10501/) (2024)
- [Vector Quantization for Deep-Learning-Based CSI Feedback in Massive MIMO Systems](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2403.07355/) (2024)
- [Deep Learning Based RIS Channel Extrapolation with Element-grouping](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2105.06850/) (2021)
- [CF-CGN: Channel Fingerprints Extrapolation for Multi-band Massive MIMO Transmission based on Cycle-Consistent Generative Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2412.20885/) (2024)
- [Generative Artificial Intelligence (GAI) for Mobile Communications: A Diffusion Model Perspective](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2410.06389/) (2024)

## Abstract (arXiv)

With the depletion of spectrum, wireless communication systems turn to exploit large antenna arrays to achieve the degree of freedom in space domain, such as millimeter wave massive multi-input multioutput (MIMO), reconfigurable intelligent surface assisted communications and cell-free massive MIMO. In these systems, how to acquire accurate channel state information (CSI) is difficult and becomes a bottleneck of the communication links. In this article, we introduce the concept of channel extrapolation that relies on a small portion of channel parameters to infer the remaining channel parameters. Since the substance of channel extrapolation is a mapping from one parameter subspace to another, we can resort to deep learning (DL), a powerful learning architecture, to approximate such mapping function. Specifically, we first analyze the requirements, conditions and challenges for channel extrapolation. Then, we present three typical extrapolations over the antenna dimension, the frequency dimension, and the physical terminal, respectively. We also illustrate their respective principles, design challenges and DL strategies. It will be seen that channel extrapolation could greatly reduce the transmission overhead and subsequently enhance the performance gains compared with the traditional strategies. In the end, we provide several potential research directions on channel extrapolation for future intelligent communications systems.