# Fusion of convolution neural network, support vector machine and Sobel filter for accurate detection of COVID-19 patients using X-ray images

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2102.06883 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2102.06883/

## Key facts

- Cited by 10 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 21 of its 54 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 13 Feb 2021.

## Builds on (most cited first, 21 of 21)

- [COVID-Net: A Tailored Deep Convolutional Neural Network Design for Detection of COVID-19 Cases from Chest X-Ray Images](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2003.09871/) (2020)
- [Can AI help in screening Viral and COVID-19 pneumonia?](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2003.13145/) (2020)
- [Covid-19: Automatic detection from X-Ray images utilizing Transfer Learning with Convolutional Neural Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2003.11617/) (2020)
- [Automatic Detection of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Using X-ray Images and Deep Convolutional Neural Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2003.10849/) (2020)
- [CoroNet: A deep neural network for detection and diagnosis of COVID-19 from chest x-ray images](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2004.04931/) (2020)
- [Deep Learning COVID-19 Features on CXR using Limited Training Data Sets](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2004.05758/) (2020)
- [Deep-COVID: Predicting COVID-19 From Chest X-Ray Images Using Deep Transfer Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2004.09363/) (2020)
- [COVIDX-Net: A Framework of Deep Learning Classifiers to Diagnose COVID-19 in X-Ray Images](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2003.11055/) (2020)
- [Estimating Uncertainty and Interpretability in Deep Learning for Coronavirus (COVID-19) Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2003.10769/) (2020)
- [Classification of COVID-19 in chest X-ray images using DeTraC deep convolutional neural network](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2003.13815/) (2020)
- [Rapid AI Development Cycle for the Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic: Initial Results for Automated Detection & Patient Monitoring using Deep Learning CT Image Analysis](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2003.05037/) (2020)
- [Viral Pneumonia Screening on Chest X-ray Images Using Confidence-Aware Anomaly Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2003.12338/) (2020)
- [COVID-ResNet: A Deep Learning Framework for Screening of COVID19 from Radiographs](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2003.14395/) (2020)
- [Deep Learning for Neuroimaging-based Diagnosis and Rehabilitation of Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Review](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2007.01285/) (2020)
- [Unveiling COVID-19 from Chest X-ray with deep learning: a hurdles race with small data](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2004.05405/) (2020)
- [Objective Evaluation of Deep Uncertainty Predictions for COVID-19 Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2012.11840/) (2020)
- [Finding Covid-19 from Chest X-rays using Deep Learning on a Small Dataset](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2004.02060/) (2020)
- [Uncertainty-Aware Semi-Supervised Method Using Large Unlabeled and Limited Labeled COVID-19 Data](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2102.06388/) (2021)
- [Handling of uncertainty in medical data using machine learning and probability theory techniques: A review of 30 years (1991-2020)](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2008.10114/) (2020)
- [A modified deep convolutional neural network for detecting COVID-19 and pneumonia from chest X-ray images based on the concatenation of Xception and ResNet50V2](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2004.08052/) (2020)
- [Comparative analysis of common edge detection techniques in context of object extraction](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1405.6132/) (2014)

## Built on by (most cited first, 10 of 10)

- [Multi-domain Integrative Swin Transformer network for Sparse-View Tomographic Reconstruction](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2111.14831/) (2021)
- [Applications of Deep Learning Techniques for Automated Multiple Sclerosis Detection Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging: A Review](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2105.04881/) (2021)
- [Automatic Diagnosis of COVID-19 from CT Images using CycleGAN and Transfer Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2104.11949/) (2021)
- [Time series forecasting of new cases and new deaths rate for COVID-19 using deep learning methods](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2104.15007/) (2021)
- [Combining a Convolutional Neural Network with Autoencoders to Predict the Survival Chance of COVID-19 Patients](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2104.08954/) (2021)
- [An overview of deep learning techniques for epileptic seizures detection and prediction based on neuroimaging modalities: Methods, challenges, and future works](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2105.14278/) (2021)
- [Interflow: Aggregating Multi-layer Feature Mappings with Attention Mechanism](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2106.14073/) (2021)
- [GSVMA: A Genetic-Support Vector Machine-Anova method for CAD diagnosis based on Z-Alizadeh Sani dataset](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2108.08292/) (2021)
- [Accurate Prediction Using Triangular Type-2 Fuzzy Linear Regression](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2109.05461/) (2021)
- [CCTCOVID: COVID-19 Detection from Chest X-Ray Images Using Compact Convolutional Transformers](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2209.13399/) (2022)

## Abstract (arXiv)

The coronavirus (COVID-19) is currently the most common contagious disease which is prevalent all over the world. The main challenge of this disease is the primary diagnosis to prevent secondary infections and its spread from one person to another. Therefore, it is essential to use an automatic diagnosis system along with clinical procedures for the rapid diagnosis of COVID-19 to prevent its spread. Artificial intelligence techniques using computed tomography (CT) images of the lungs and chest radiography have the potential to obtain high diagnostic performance for Covid-19 diagnosis. In this study, a fusion of convolutional neural network (CNN), support vector machine (SVM), and Sobel filter is proposed to detect COVID-19 using X-ray images. A new X-ray image dataset was collected and subjected to high pass filter using a Sobel filter to obtain the edges of the images. Then these images are fed to CNN deep learning model followed by SVM classifier with ten-fold cross validation strategy. This method is designed so that it can learn with not many data. Our results show that the proposed CNN-SVM with Sobel filtering (CNN-SVM+Sobel) achieved the highest classification accuracy of 99.02% in accurate detection of COVID-19. It showed that using Sobel filter can improve the performance of CNN. Unlike most of the other researches, this method does not use a pre-trained network. We have also validated our developed model using six public databases and obtained the highest performance. Hence, our developed model is ready for clinical application