# Cybersecurity of Industrial Cyber-Physical Systems: A Review

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2101.03564 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2101.03564/

## Key facts

- Cited by 10 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- First posted on arXiv 10 Jan 2021.

## Built on by (most cited first, 10 of 10)

- [A Review of Digital Twins and their Application in Cybersecurity based on Artificial Intelligence](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2311.01154/) (2023)
- [Towards the Human Digital Twin: Definition and Design -- A survey](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2402.07922/) (2024)
- [A Comprehensive Survey on the Security of Smart Grid: Challenges, Mitigations, and Future Research Opportunities](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2407.07966/) (2024)
- [Cyber-Physical Systems Security: A Comprehensive Review of Anomaly Detection Techniques](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2502.13256/) (2025)
- [Adaptive Anomaly Detection for Identifying Attacks in Cyber-Physical Systems: A Systematic Literature Review](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2411.14278/) (2024)
- [A Review of Cybersecurity Incidents in the Food and Agriculture Sector](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2403.08036/) (2024)
- [A Search Engine for Scientific Publications: a Cybersecurity Case Study](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2107.00082/) (2021)
- [iADCPS: Time Series Anomaly Detection for Evolving Cyber-physical Systems via Incremental Meta-learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2504.04374/) (2025)
- [Task-Oriented Edge-Assisted Cross-System Design for Real-Time Human-Robot Interaction in Industrial Metaverse](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2508.20664/) (2025)
- [CITADEL: CSI-Based Jamming Detection and Open-Set Classification for IIoT Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2606.22939/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Industrial cyber-physical systems (ICPSs) manage critical infrastructures by controlling the processes based on the "physics" data gathered by edge sensor networks. Recent innovations in ubiquitous computing and communication technologies have prompted the rapid integration of highly interconnected systems to ICPSs. Hence, the "security by obscurity" principle provided by air-gapping is no longer followed. As the interconnectivity in ICPSs increases, so does the attack surface. Industrial vulnerability assessment reports have shown that a variety of new vulnerabilities have occurred due to this transition while the most common ones are related to weak boundary protection. Although there are existing surveys in this context, very little is mentioned regarding these reports. This paper bridges this gap by defining and reviewing ICPSs from a cybersecurity perspective. In particular, multi-dimensional adaptive attack taxonomy is presented and utilized for evaluating real-life ICPS cyber incidents. We also identify the general shortcomings and highlight the points that cause a gap in existing literature while defining future research directions.