# Domain Adaptation for the Segmentation of Confidential Medical Images

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2101.00522 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2101.00522/

## Key facts

- Cited by 12 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 43 of its 74 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 2 Jan 2021.

## Builds on (most cited first, 30 of 43)

- [Very Deep Convolutional Networks for Large-Scale Image Recognition](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1409.1556/) (2014)
- [Fully Convolutional Networks for Semantic Segmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1411.4038/) (2014)
- [DeepLab: Semantic Image Segmentation with Deep Convolutional Nets, Atrous Convolution, and Fully Connected CRFs](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1606.00915/) (2016)
- [UMAP: Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection for Dimension Reduction](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1802.03426/) (2018)
- [Adversarial Discriminative Domain Adaptation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1702.05464/) (2017)
- [Deep Hashing Network for Unsupervised Domain Adaptation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1706.07522/) (2017)
- [CyCADA: Cycle-Consistent Adversarial Domain Adaptation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1711.03213/) (2017)
- [Maximum Classifier Discrepancy for Unsupervised Domain Adaptation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1712.02560/) (2017)
- [Learning to Adapt Structured Output Space for Semantic Segmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1802.10349/) (2018)
- [Fully-Convolutional Siamese Networks for Object Tracking](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1606.09549/) (2016)
- [RefineNet: Multi-Path Refinement Networks for High-Resolution Semantic Segmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1611.06612/) (2016)
- [Optimal Transport for Domain Adaptation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1507.00504/) (2015)
- [Deep Learning for Medical Image Analysis](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1708.08987/) (2017)
- [Learning Deconvolution Network for Semantic Segmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1505.04366/) (2015)
- [Unsupervised Pixel-Level Domain Adaptation with Generative Adversarial Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1612.05424/) (2016)
- [Sliced Wasserstein Discrepancy for Unsupervised Domain Adaptation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1903.04064/) (2019)
- [Universal Source-Free Domain Adaptation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2004.04393/) (2020)
- [Generate To Adapt: Aligning Domains using Generative Adversarial Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1704.01705/) (2017)
- [Progressive Feature Alignment for Unsupervised Domain Adaptation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1811.08585/) (2018)
- [Deep Reconstruction-Classification Networks for Unsupervised Domain Adaptation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1607.03516/) (2016)
- [Correlation Alignment for Unsupervised Domain Adaptation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1612.01939/) (2016)
- [Transferrable Prototypical Networks for Unsupervised Domain Adaptation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1904.11227/) (2019)
- [Unsupervised Bidirectional Cross-Modality Adaptation via Deeply Synergistic Image and Feature Alignment for Medical Image Segmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2002.02255/) (2020)
- [Self-Ensembling with GAN-based Data Augmentation for Domain Adaptation in Semantic Segmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1909.00589/) (2019)
- [Unsupervised domain adaptation in brain lesion segmentation with adversarial networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1612.08894/) (2016)
- [Synergistic Image and Feature Adaptation: Towards Cross-Modality Domain Adaptation for Medical Image Segmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1901.08211/) (2019)
- [Few-Shot Adversarial Domain Adaptation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1711.02536/) (2017)
- [Interpretable Learning for Self-Driving Cars by Visualizing Causal Attention](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1703.10631/) (2017)
- [Curriculum Domain Adaptation for Semantic Segmentation of Urban Scenes](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1707.09465/) (2017)
- [DCAN: Dual Channel-wise Alignment Networks for Unsupervised Scene Adaptation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1804.05827/) (2018)

## Built on by (most cited first, 12 of 12)

- [A Comprehensive Survey on Test-Time Adaptation under Distribution Shifts](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2303.15361/) (2023)
- [Unsupervised Domain Adaptation for Training Event-Based Networks Using Contrastive Learning and Uncorrelated Conditioning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2303.12424/) (2023)
- [Unsupervised Model Adaptation for Source-free Segmentation of Medical Images](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2211.00807/) (2022)
- [Self-Taught Recognizer: Toward Unsupervised Adaptation for Speech Foundation Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2405.14161/) (2024)
- [Preserving Fairness in AI under Domain Shift](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2301.12369/) (2023)
- [Disentangling 3D Attributes from a Single 2D Image: Human Pose, Shape and Garment](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2208.03167/) (2022)
- [Explainable Artificial Intelligence Architecture for Melanoma Diagnosis Using Indicator Localization and Self-Supervised Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2303.14615/) (2023)
- [Continuous Unsupervised Domain Adaptation Using Stabilized Representations and Experience Replay](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2402.00580/) (2024)
- [Cross-Domain Distribution Alignment for Segmentation of Private Unannotated 3D Medical Images](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2410.09210/) (2024)
- [Robust Internal Representations for Domain Generalization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2309.15522/) (2023)
- [Relating Events and Frames Based on Self-Supervised Learning and Uncorrelated Conditioning for Unsupervised Domain Adaptation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2401.01042/) (2024)
- [Unsupervised Domain Adaptation Using Compact Internal Representations](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2401.07207/) (2024)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have led to significant improvements in the semantic segmentation of images. When source and target datasets come from different modalities, CNN performance suffers due to domain shift. In such cases data annotation in the target domain becomes necessary to maintain model performance. To circumvent the re-annotation process, unsupervised domain adaptation (UDA) is proposed to adapt a model to new modalities using solely unlabeled target data. Common UDA algorithms require access to source domain data during adaptation, which may not be feasible in medical imaging due to data sharing restrictions. In this work, we develop an algorithm for UDA where the source domain data is inaccessible during target adaptation. Our approach is based on encoding the source domain information into an internal distribution that is used to guide adaptation in the absence of source samples. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our algorithm by comparing it to state-of-the-art medical image semantic segmentation approaches on two medical image semantic segmentation datasets.