# GFL: A Decentralized Federated Learning Framework Based On Blockchain

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2010.10996 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2010.10996/

## Key facts

- Cited by 12 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- First posted on arXiv 21 Oct 2020.

## Built on by (most cited first, 12 of 12)

- [A Survey on Decentralized Federated Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2308.04604/) (2023)
- [A Decentralized Federated Learning Framework via Committee Mechanism with Convergence Guarantee](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2108.00365/) (2021)
- [Federated Learning Attacks and Defenses: A Survey](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2211.14952/) (2022)
- [P4L: Privacy Preserving Peer-to-Peer Learning for Infrastructureless Setups](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2302.13438/) (2023)
- [Reward-Based 1-bit Compressed Federated Distillation on Blockchain](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2106.14265/) (2021)
- [Analyzing the Robustness of Decentralized Horizontal and Vertical Federated Learning Architectures in a Non-IID Scenario](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2210.11061/) (2022)
- [Federated Learning for Cross-block Oil-water Layer Identification](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2112.14359/) (2021)
- [A Comprehensive Empirical Study of Bugs in Open-Source Federated Learning Frameworks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2308.05014/) (2023)
- [Federated Computing -- Survey on Building Blocks, Extensions and Systems](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2404.02779/) (2024)
- [CrowdTransfer: Enabling Crowd Knowledge Transfer in AIoT Community](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2407.06485/) (2024)
- [MAR-FL: A Communication Efficient Peer-to-Peer Federated Learning System](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2512.05234/) (2025)
- [PenTiDef: Decentralized Federated Intrusion Detection System with Differential Privacy and Latent-Space Defense via Blockchain Coordination in IIoT](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2602.17973/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Federated learning(FL) is a rapidly growing field and many centralized and decentralized FL frameworks have been proposed. However, it is of great challenge for current FL frameworks to improve communication performance and maintain the security and robustness under malicious node attacks. In this paper, we propose Galaxy Federated Learning Framework(GFL), a decentralized FL framework based on blockchain. GFL introduces the consistent hashing algorithm to improve communication performance and proposes a novel ring decentralized FL algorithm(RDFL) to improve decentralized FL performance and bandwidth utilization. In addition, GFL introduces InterPlanetary File System(IPFS) and blockchain to further improve communication efficiency and FL security. Our experiments show that GFL improves communication performance and decentralized FL performance under the data poisoning of malicious nodes and non-independent and identically distributed(Non-IID) datasets.