# Modeling Black-Box Components with Probabilistic Synthesis

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2010.04811 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2010.04811/

## Key facts

- Cited by 8 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- First posted on arXiv 9 Oct 2020.

## Built on by (most cited first, 8 of 8)

- [LLM4Decompile: Decompiling Binary Code with Large Language Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2403.05286/) (2024)
- [SLaDe: A Portable Small Language Model Decompiler for Optimized Assembly](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2305.12520/) (2023)
- [Learning C to x86 Translation: An Experiment in Neural Compilation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2108.07639/) (2021)
- [Forklift: An Extensible Neural Lifter](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2404.16041/) (2024)
- [Satisfiability and Synthesis Modulo Oracles](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2107.13477/) (2021)
- [From I/O to Code with Discovery Agent](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2605.15334/) (2026)
- [mlirSynth: Automatic, Retargetable Program Raising in Multi-Level IR using Program Synthesis](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2310.04196/) (2023)
- [Echo: Learning-based Matching Decompilation using Trusted Back Translation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2609.18706/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

This paper is concerned with synthesizing programs based on black-box oracles: we are interested in the case where there exists an executable implementation of a component or library, but its internal structure is unknown. We are provided with just an API or function signature, and aim to synthesize a program with equivalent behavior. To attack this problem, we detail Presyn: a program synthesizer designed for flexible interoperation with existing programs and compiler toolchains. Presyn uses high-level imperative control-flow structures and a pair of cooperating predictive models to efficiently narrow the space of potential programs. These models can be trained effectively on small corpora of synthesized examples. We evaluate Presyn against five leading program synthesizers on a collection of 112 synthesis benchmarks collated from previous studies and real-world software libraries. We show that Presyn is able to synthesize a wider range of programs than each of them with less human input. We demonstrate the application of our approach to real-world code and software engineering problems with two case studies: accelerator library porting and detection of duplicated library reimplementations.