# Efficient One-Pass End-to-End Entity Linking for Questions

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2010.02413 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2010.02413/

## Key facts

- Cited by 76 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026).
- First posted on arXiv 6 Oct 2020.

## Built on by (most cited first, 30 of 76)

- [Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2306.08302/) (2023)
- [Adaptive-RAG: Learning to Adapt Retrieval-Augmented Large Language Models through Question Complexity](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2403.14403/) (2024)
- [StructGPT: A General Framework for Large Language Model to Reason over Structured Data](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2305.09645/) (2023)
- [Simple Entity-Centric Questions Challenge Dense Retrievers](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2109.08535/) (2021)
- [Knowledge-Augmented Language Model Prompting for Zero-Shot Knowledge Graph Question Answering](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2306.04136/) (2023)
- [Case-based Reasoning for Natural Language Queries over Knowledge Bases](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2104.08762/) (2021)
- [RnG-KBQA: Generation Augmented Iterative Ranking for Knowledge Base Question Answering](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2109.08678/) (2021)
- [DecAF: Joint Decoding of Answers and Logical Forms for Question Answering over Knowledge Bases](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2210.00063/) (2022)
- [ReFinED: An Efficient Zero-shot-capable Approach to End-to-End Entity Linking](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2207.04108/) (2022)
- [Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: Opportunities and Challenges](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2308.06374/) (2023)
- [Complex Temporal Question Answering on Knowledge Graphs](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2109.08935/) (2021)
- [TIARA: Multi-grained Retrieval for Robust Question Answering over Large Knowledge Bases](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2210.12925/) (2022)
- [Don't Generate, Discriminate: A Proposal for Grounding Language Models to Real-World Environments](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2212.09736/) (2022)
- [FlexKBQA: A Flexible LLM-Powered Framework for Few-Shot Knowledge Base Question Answering](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2308.12060/) (2023)
- [ChatKBQA: A Generate-then-Retrieve Framework for Knowledge Base Question Answering with Fine-tuned Large Language Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2310.08975/) (2023)
- [Challenges in Generalization in Open Domain Question Answering](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2109.01156/) (2021)
- [Awakening Latent Grounding from Pretrained Language Models for Semantic Parsing](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2109.10540/) (2021)
- [Interactive-KBQA: Multi-Turn Interactions for Knowledge Base Question Answering with Large Language Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2402.15131/) (2024)
- [PokeMQA: Programmable knowledge editing for Multi-hop Question Answering](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2312.15194/) (2023)
- [Grape: Knowledge Graph Enhanced Passage Reader for Open-domain Question Answering](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2210.02933/) (2022)
- [Highly Parallel Autoregressive Entity Linking with Discriminative Correction](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2109.03792/) (2021)
- [Entity Linking Meets Deep Learning: Techniques and Solutions](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2109.12520/) (2021)
- [An Empirical Study of Pre-trained Language Models in Simple Knowledge Graph Question Answering](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2303.10368/) (2023)
- [Reinforcement Learning from Reformulations in Conversational Question Answering over Knowledge Graphs](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2105.04850/) (2021)
- [UNIQORN: Unified Question Answering over RDF Knowledge Graphs and Natural Language Text](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2108.08614/) (2021)
- [Fast and Effective Biomedical Entity Linking Using a Dual Encoder](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2103.05028/) (2021)
- [Learning from Language Description: Low-shot Named Entity Recognition via Decomposed Framework](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2109.05357/) (2021)
- [Ensembling Graph Predictions for AMR Parsing](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2110.09131/) (2021)
- [Question Decomposition Tree for Answering Complex Questions over Knowledge Bases](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2306.07597/) (2023)
- [Conversational Entity Linking: Problem Definition and Datasets](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2105.04903/) (2021)

## Abstract (arXiv)

We present ELQ, a fast end-to-end entity linking model for questions, which uses a biencoder to jointly perform mention detection and linking in one pass. Evaluated on WebQSP and GraphQuestions with extended annotations that cover multiple entities per question, ELQ outperforms the previous state of the art by a large margin of +12.7% and +19.6% F1, respectively. With a very fast inference time (1.57 examples/s on a single CPU), ELQ can be useful for downstream question answering systems. In a proof-of-concept experiment, we demonstrate that using ELQ significantly improves the downstream QA performance of GraphRetriever (arXiv:1911.03868). Code and data available at https://github.com/facebookresearch/BLINK/tree/master/elq